Becoming a World Power 1898-1917

1
Becoming a World Power1898-1917
2
U.S. Looks Outward

• Protestant Missionaries
• Businessmen
• Imperialists

3
Protestant Missionaries

• Focused mainly on China
• Christian duty
• Civilizing

4
Businessmen

• Exports of American manufactured goods rise after
  1880
• American tobacco sold 1 billion cigarettes to
  China
• James J. Hill
• Frederick Jackson Turner
• The Significance of the Frontier in American
  History"
• Senator Albert Beveridge

5
(No Transcript)
6
Imperialists

• U.S. should be imperial nation like Britain,
  France, Germany, and Russia
• Alfred Thayer Mahan
• The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890)
• Big navy policy
• Samoa and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• Hawaii
• Queen Liliuokalani
• Jingoism
• War and imperialism attempt to revive frontier

7
The Spanish-American War

• Cuban Revolution (1895)
• Valeriano Weyler
• Yellow journalism"
• William Randolph Hearst
• Joseph Pulitzer
• de Lôme letter
• Maine
• Teller Amendment

8
A Splendid Little War

• Main reason for U.S. victory was naval
  superiority
• American soldiers were racist towards Cubans and
  refused to work with them
• George Dewey
• Manila
• Theodore Roosevelt and the "Rough Riders"
• Kettle Hill and Negro Infantry
• San Juan Hill
• Spanish Atlantic fleet destroyed, Spain
  surrenders
• Treaty of Paris, 1898
• U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
• U.S. pays 20 million

9
The United States Becomes a World Power

• McKinley casts his lot with imperialists
• Hawaiian annexation (1898)
• Lands gained from Spain colonies not territories
• Philippines
• Emilio Aguinaldo

10
The Debate over the Treaty of Paris

• Anti-Imperialist League
• William Jennings Bryan and southern and western
  democrats
• Against proposed acquisition of Philippines
• An assault on Filipinos rights
• Businessmen and laborers feared competition from
  Philippines
• Maintaining outposts more expensive than economic
  benefit
• Racist motives not to contaminate America
• Filipinos revolt, Anti-Imperialists lose

11
The American-Filipino War

• 4 years of fighting between U.S. soldiers and
  Filipino rebels
• Were American actions in Philippines any
  different than those of Spain in Cuba?

12
Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico

• Platt Amendment
• Foraker Act (1900)
• Unincorporated territory
• Insular cases "Does the Constitution follow the
  flag?"
• Caribbean becoming an American Mediterranean

13
China and the Open Door

• Other countries controlled Chinas trade through
  spheres of influence
• John Hay
• Open Door" policy
• Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• 2nd Open Door notes

14
Theodore Roosevelt, Geopolitician

• Driving force in U.S. foreign policy
• Roosevelt believed the nation, like an
  individual, must strive for greatness
• Americans were racially superior and destined for
  supremacy in economic and political affairs
• Shrewd analyst of international affairs
• No patience for small countries claims to
  sovereignty or human rights of weak peoples
• Latin America, Africa, Asia (except Japan) were
  inferior

15
The Roosevelt Corollary

• Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
• Venezuela
• Dominican Republic
• Roosevelts interventions concerned with
  stability not democratic institutions or social
  justice

16
The Panama Canal

• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) gave U.S. right to
  build and fortify a canal
• Philippe Bunau-Varilla engineer
• Panamanian revolt and the U.S.S. Nashville
• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
• The treaty which no Panamanian signed
• Building canal impressive test of American
  ingenuity and willpower
• Strategic importance of canal increased U.S.
  determination to preserve order in Central
  America

17
Keeping the Peace in East Asia

• Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
• Treaty of Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1905)
• Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) Japan and U.S.
  would respect each others holdings and the Open
  Door Policy
• Gentlemen's Agreement" (1907)
• Great White Fleet

18
William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat

• Dollar diplomacy
• Substitute dollars for bullets
• Nicaragua

19
U.S. Global Investments and Investments in Latin
America, 1914
20
Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist

• Wilson intervened in Caribbean more than any
  President before
• Wilson more concerned with morality and justice
  than Taft or Roosevelt
• Mexican Revolution Wilson hopes for democracy
• Victoriano Huerta
• Venustiano Carranza and Francisco "Pancho" Villa
• John Pershing

21
Conclusion

• Dramatic turns in U.S. foreign policy
• Control of Western Hemisphere
• Moved military and economic power into Asia
• Peoples of Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and
  Cuba were regarded as inferior and denied right
  to govern themselves