Joining the War

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Joining the War
Ike speaks to soldiers in Britain prior to D-Day

• Section 12.3

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June 6, 1944
Capture Americans in landing craft, June 6, 1944
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What events led these Americans to end up in
Normandy, France?
Capture Americans pull up to beach at Normandy
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Describe December 7, 1941.

• A date which will live in infamy.
• Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
  (naval base)
• Destroyed 19 battleships, 188 planes
• Killed 2, 400 Americans
• United Americans in call for war
• Remember Pearl Harbor

Above Pearl Harbor burning Below FDR asks
Congress for declaration of war on Japan
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Mobilizing America
Capture Times Square
Times Square Summer of 1941
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Who were the Allies/the Axis Powers?

• Allies
• United States
• Great Britain
• Soviet Union
• And many others
• Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

Left to Right Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill
The Big Three
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What was the Allied strategy for fighting WWII?

• Defeating Germany is most important
• Unconditional surrender of Axis powers
• Closing the Ring
• Plan to encircle Nazi Germany on all sides
• Defensive war in Pacific

World map showing areas of German and Japanese
control
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Barbarossa
Barbarossa Hitlers invasion of Soviet Union
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Describe the invasion of the Soviet Union.

• Began June 22, 1941 (Summer)
• Blitzkrieg tactics and surprise
• Surrounded Leningrad for 900 days
• 300 thousand Germans attacked Stalingrad
• Access to oil
• Russians stopped advance
• Marks to turning point of the war
• Stalin bitter about lack of Allied support

Above German tanks Below Hitler heads in three
directions
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Siege of Stalingrad
Capture Siege of Stalingrad
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Axis Powers by September of 1942Map shows the
peak of Axis Power
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Hitlers Plan Operation Barbarossa Capture the
wheat fields of Ukraine, then advance east across
North Africa and South from Russia to capture
the oil fields of the Middle East.
Wheat Fields
Oil Fields
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Stopping Hitlers Advance

• The Allies Finally Stopped Hitlers Advance at
  Three Key Areas
• Battle of Britain
• El Alamein in Egypt
• Stalingrad in Russia

See Map on Next Slide
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In spite of these losses, Hitler was firmly
entrenched in Western Europe. (Map shows Allied
counter-offensive)
Russian Advance After Stalingrad
Allied Invasion of Italy Summer 43
Allied Invasion of N. Africa 11/42
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To complete the encirclement of Hitler -Closing
the Ring- the Allies needed to land somewhere in
France. (Map shows location of Normandy Invasion)
Normandy 6/44 D Day
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Normandy Beach, France June 6, 1944
Old Glory finally planted on Omaha Beach
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Place the following events in order from 1st to
last. Now put the year they occurred.

• Event
• Operation Barbarossa
• Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler named Chancellor
• Munich Pact
• D-Day
• Invasion of Poland
• Pearl Harbor

• Year

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What was Operation Overlord?

• Allied invasion of Europe
• Began with D-Day
• Deliverance Day/ Disembarkment Day) June 6, 1944
• Bad weather delayed invasion by one day
• Was it successful?
• 10 thousand casualties in two weeks
• Allies built man-made harbor
• Allowed hundreds of thousands of soldiers and
  equipment to gain foothold in western Europe

View from Higgins boat
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D-Day
Military funeral of D-Day dead
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What was the Battle of the Bulge?

• Hitlers last major offensive
• Caught Allies off guard
• Goal was to capture Antwerp
• Germans surrounded town of Bastogne asked for
  surrender
• Nuts was the reply
• Weather broke in January and supplies replenished

Top Map of the Ardennes Bottom corpses at
Bastogne
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Bastogne
Video capture Americans at Bastogne
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The Progress of the War
Axis Nations
Communist Nations
World map showing the relative size and location
of Axis and Allied nations
Allied Nations
Neutral Nations
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The Camps
Capture from Band of Brothers Liberating the
Camps
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What was the Holocaust?

• Genocide or systematic murder of Jews, Gypsies,
  Slavs, and others the Nazis considered
  undesirable
• Final Solution
• Nazi decision to attempt to exterminate the
  Jewish race from Europe
• 6 million Jews murdered (66 of the population in
  Europe)

Entrance to the death camp at Auschwitz II
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Describe the process of the Final Solution.

• Occurred gradually over time
• Nuremberg Laws of 1935
• German laws used to identify and discriminate
  against Jews in Germany
• Could not attend schools, hold public office, sit
  on park benches
• Must wear yellow star
• Ghettos (1939)
• Jews were forced to reside in overcrowded,
  unsanitary areas of conquered cities

Above and below Nazis persecuting Jews
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The Liquidation of the Ghetto
Video capture German troops enter the Warsaw
Ghetto
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Wall of Death for Polish political prisoners,
before Auschwitz was turned into a death camp.
Under the building on the right, Nazis first used
poison gas to kill.
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Describe the process of the Final Solution

• Wannsee conference
• Meeting in Berlin in 1942
• decision to systematically kill the Jews of
  Europe
• Einsatzgruppen (1940)
• Killing squads
• Rounded up Jews from conquered areas and executed
  them
• Concentration Camps
• 1st for political reeducation
• slave labor, medical experiments, starvation,
  murder by gas chamber

Above Auschwitz from the air
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Mr. Morris by tracks at Birkenau station near
Auschwitz
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Crematoria with tourists and memorial candle
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Clockwise from left, Gas Chamber, Zyklon B
pellets, famous entrance with Arbeit Macht Frei
arch, random line of doomed people
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• Dear Fellow Party Member Parteigenosse Luther!
• Enclosed I am sending you the minutes of the
  proceedings that took place on January 20,1942.
• Since the basic position regarding the practical
  execution of the final solution of the Jewish
  question has fortunately been established by now,
  and since there is a full agreement on the part
  of all agencies involved. I would like to ask you
  at the request of the Reich Marshal to make one
  of your specialist officials available for the
  necessary discussion of details in connection
  with the completion of the draft that shows the
  organizational, technical and material
  prerequisites bearing on the actual starting
  point of the projected solutions.
• I want to schedule the first discussion along
  these lines for 1030 a.m. on March 6, 1942 at
  116 Kurfürstenstrasse, Berlin. I therefore ask
  you that for this purpose your specialist
  official contact my functionary in charge there,
  SS-Obersturmbannführer Eichmann.
• Reinhard Heydrich

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What was V-E Day?

• Victory in Europe
• May 8, 1945
• Germany surrendered unconditionally to the Allies
• FDR had died April 12
• Hitler had committed suicide April 30
• US still at war with Japan

Above and below newspapers proclaim Victory in
Europe
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VE Day
Capture V-E Day