The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages
Background/Some images and some notes slidesare
from the Ms. Pojer at historyteacher.net
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Rome Collapsed in 476 A.D
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Periods of the Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages 500 1000 High Middle Ages
1000 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500
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WHY WAS EUROPE A FRONTIER LAND IN THE EARLY
MIDDLE AGES?

• What is a frontier land?
• Location. Europe is a relatively small area,
  although its impact on the modern world has been
  enormous. It lies on the western end of Eurasia.

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WHY WAS EUROPE A FRONTIER LAND IN THE EARLY
MIDDLE AGES?

• Resources. At the time of the Middle Ages,
  Europe had great-untapped potential. Dense
  farmland covered much of the North, and the
  regions rich black earth was better suited for
  farming.

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WHY WAS EUROPE A FRONTIER LAND IN THE EARLY
MIDDLE AGES?

• The seas that surround much of Europe were
  important to its growth.
• A. Fishing
• B. Trade
• C. Exploration of new lands
• Large rivers were ideal for trade. Mountain
  streams fueled the invention of the water wheel
  for powering mills.

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Paving the way for Charlemagne

• Between A.D. 400 and 700, the Germanic tribes
  carved up Western Europe into small kingdoms.
  The Franks were Powerful
• No real cities or written laws. People lived in
  small communities ruled by kings.
• Frankish leader Clovis became Catholic. He now
  had the support of the Romans and church.
• 480 Clovis became King of the Franks and
  conquered the province of Gaul.

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Paving the way for Charlemagne

• Circa 800 Charlemagne built an empire reaching
  across France, Germany, and part of Italy.
• The Pope proclaimed him emperor.
• We now call this the Holy Roman Empire. He
  extended the Christian civilization into.
• He also set up a strong government that was used
  as an example for medieval rulers.
• After his death his empire crumbled.

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Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor Dec.
25, 800
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Charlemagne 742 to 814
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Charlemagnes Empire
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Charlemagnes Empire CollapsesTreaty of Verdun,
843
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HOW DID INVASIONS EFFECT THE PEOPLE OF WESTERN
EUROPE?

• Attacks by the Vikings, Muslims, and other groups
  of people, made kings and emperors too weak to
  maintain law and order.
• People needed a way to defend their homes and
  lands.
• In response to the basic need for protection, a
  new government started called Feudalism.

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Europe in the 6c
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Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty and military service.
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The Medieval Manor
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Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
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MANORIALISM

• The land the vassal received was called a
  manor (fief). It included a manor house,
  farmland, and a group of peasants. Most were
  serfs.
• Each manor was self-sufficient/self supporting.
• Raised most of what they needed to live.
• Grew their own food.
• Raised farm animals for food and wool.
• Managed trees for fuel and lumber.
• Economic system of the Middle Ages

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MANORIALISM

• During the Early Middle Ages towns all but
  disappeared from Europe. Rome the Largest city
  of its time went from 1 million people to only a
  few thousand.
• Around the 10th century, things began to improve
  and towns and trade began to grow.

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The Carolingian Renaissance
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The Rise of European Monarchies
England
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The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE
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The Road to Knighthood
Role of a knight Most important member of the
feudal army Main job was fighting Served his
master Defended Christianity

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Chivalry A Code of Honor and Behavior
Chivalry-Honored set of rules sworn to by all
knights. Emphasis upon courage, loyalty, devotion
to duty, courtesy towards and defense of women,
protected the poor, the weak the needy.
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Stages of Knighthood

• Stage 1 Page
• (age 7)
• Learned to ride a horse
• Learned manners
• Had religious instruction (learned to read)
• Trained in music and dance by the ladies of
  castle.

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Stages of Knighthood

• Stage 2 Squire
• (age 12)
• Assisted knights
• Became the lords devoted assistant
• Took care of armor and weapons and became skilled
  in their use.
• Helped in tournaments

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Stages of Knighthood

• Stage 3 Knight
• (age- when qualified)
• Knighted by the King

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Heraldry

• Heraldry is also called a coat of arms
• Used as identification on a knights shield
  during battle

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Heraldry
What does it mean?
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The Medieval Catholic Church

• Monastery
• St. Benedict Benedictine Rule of poverty and
  obedience.
• provided schools for the children of the upper
  class.
• inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
• libraries scriptoria to copy books and
  illuminate manuscripts.
• monks ? missionaries to convert the
  barbarians. St. Patrick, St. Boniface

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The Power of the Medieval Church

• bishops and abbots played a large part in the
  feudal system.
• the church controlled about 1/3 of the land
  in Western Europe.
• tried to reduce feudal warfare ? only 40 days
  a year for combat.
• tithe ? 1/10 tax on your assets given to the
  church.
• Peters Pence ? 1 penny per person paid by
  the peasants.

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Role of the ChurchInfluence

• Spread Christianity
• Converted barbarians to Christianity
• Unified Europe
• Monks saved knowledge from past civilizations
• Introduced Roman ideals of government and justice

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Role of the ChurchRoles

• Government duties
• Collected taxes, ran courts, punished criminals,
  and made laws
• Education
• monasteries were centers of learning, monks
  taught reading and writing, preserved documents,
  established schools.
• Hospitals
• Cared for the sick and needy
• Inn
• Guest houses were built to accommodate travelers

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Corruption

• lack honesty, use of a position of trust for
  dishonest gain.
• involvement in feudalism led to corruption and
  the fall of the church.
• Awarded fiefs to wealthy church members.
• Bishops and monks took on the role of vassals.
• Loyalty of the church was divided between
  spiritual duties and economic duties.

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A Medieval Monks Day
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A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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Romanesque Architectural Style

• Rounded Arches.
• Barrel vaults.
• Thick walls.
• Darker, simplistic interiors.
• Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

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Carcassonne A Medieval Castle
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Parts of a Medieval Castle
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Late Medieval Town Dwellings
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Medieval Trade
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Medieval Guilds
Guild Hall

• Commercial Monopoly
• Controlled membership apprentice ? journeyman
  ? master craftsman
• Controlled quality of the product masterpiece.
• Controlled prices

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Medieval Guilds A Goldsmiths Shop
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Crest of a Coopers Guild
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• Background/images/some note slides are from the
  historyteacher.net