Anatomy of Reproduction

1
Anatomy of Reproduction

• Exploring Reproductive Systems

2
Male Reproductive Organs

• Testicles- Produce Sperm Testosterone. There
  are two testicles present in male animals.
• Sperm- Male sex cells
• Testosterone- Causes the behavior appearance of
  an animal to be masculine.

3
Male Reproductive Organs

• Epididymis- Storage site for sperm cells. The
  cells enter the epididymis from the testicle to
  mature.
• There is a separate epididymis attached to each
  testicle.

4
Male Reproductive Organs

• Scrotum- Two-lobed sac that contains and protects
  the two testicles regulates testicle
  temperature.
• When the environment temp. is low, the scrotum
  contracts pulling the testicle into the body for
  warmth.
• When the temp. is high, the scrotum relaxes,
  letting them hang away from the body.

5
Male Reproductive Organs

• Vas Deferens- a transportation tube that carries
  the sperm containing fluid from each epididymis
  to the urethra.
• Urethra- Large, muscular canal extending from the
  urinary bladder. Semen and urine move through the
  urethra to the end of the penis.

6
Male Reproductive Organs

• Seminal Vesicles- Open into the urethra. They
  produce a fluid that protects and transports
  sperm.
• Prostate gland- Produces a fluid that is mixed
  with the seminal fluid.
• Cowpers Gland- Produces a fluid that moves down
  the urethra ahead of the seminal fluid to clean
  neutralize the urethra.
• All of this mixed together is called SEMEN.

7
Male Reproductive Organs

• Penis- Deposits semen within the female
  reproductive system.
• The urethra is surrounded by spongy tissue that
  fills with blood when the male is sexually
  aroused.
• This causes an erection that is necessary for
  copulation (mating).

8
Male Reproductive Organs

• Sigmoid flexure- (found in bulls, rams boars)
  and the retractor muscle extend the penis from
  the SHEATH.
• Sheath- A tubular fold of skin that protects the
  penis.

9
(No Transcript)
10
Reproductive Anatomy

• Exploring Female Reproduction

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Female Reproductive Organs

• Ovary- Produces female gametes.
• Gamete is a sex cell that can unite with other
  sex cells. These are called ova or eggs.
• Ovaries also produce female sex hormones,
  estrogen progesterone.
• Within each ovary there are tiny follicles. The
  eggs are produced in these follicles.

17
Female Reproductive Organs

• Oviducts- Two tubes that carry the ova from the
  ovaries to the uterus. They are also called
  fallopian tubes.
• They are close, but not attached to the ovaries.
  The funnel-shaped end of each oviduct is called
  the infundibulum.
• At ovulation the follicle ruptures, releasing an
  egg that is caught by the infundibulum.

18
Female Reproductive Organs

• Uterus- Y-shaped structure consisting of the
  body, two uterine horns and the cervix. The size
  and shape varies among species.
• Animals who have large numbers during birth,
  typically have large horns and a small body.
• Animals who have single or twin births have small
  horns and a larger body.
• The fetus grows within the uterus, and that is
  where it remains until parturition (birth).

19
Female Reproductive Organs

• Cervix-Composed of connective tissue that is the
  gateway between the uterus and the vagina.
• Vagina- Serves as the female organ of copulation
  at mating and as the birth canal during
  parturition.

20
Female Reproductive Organs

• Vulva- External opening of the reproductive and
  urinary systems.
• Labia majora- Exterior, visible part of the
  vulva, consisting of two folds.
• Labia minora- Two folds located just inside the
  labia majoria.
• Clitoris- Sensory and erectile organ of the
  female, located just inside the vulva. Produces
  sexual stimulation during copulation.

21
Other Things to Know

• When a sperm fertilizes the ova, a zygote is
  created.
• Zygote- Fertilized egg cell.
• Fertilization occurs in the oviduct.
• 2-4 days after fertilization the cell will move
  to the uterus, where it will stay until
  parturition.

22
Reproduction Anatomy

• Avian

23
Male Reproduction

• Male poultry have testicles, but they are located
  inside the body, opposed to the scrotum.
• The Vas Deferens carry the seminal fluid sperm
  cells to the Cloaca.
• Cloaca- Enlarged part where the large intestine
  joins the end of the alimentary canal.

24
Male Reproduction

• Alimentary Canal- Food carrying passage that
  begins at the mouth and ends at the vent.
• Papilla- The organ in the wall of the cloaca that
  puts the sperm cells into the hens reproductive
  tract.

25
Female Anatomy

• The chicken does have two ovaries and two
  oviducts.
• Only the LEFT ovary oviduct function. The right
  is obsolete.
• The OVA produced in the ovary turns into egg
  yolk.

26
Female Anatomy

• The Oviduct has 5 parts.
• Funnel- Receives the yolk from the ovary. The
  sperm a chicken receives stays here.
• Magnum- Secrets the thick white of the egg. It
  takes around 3 hours for the white to be placed
  around the yolk in the magnum.

27
Female Anatomy

• Isthmus- The yolk white move here, two shell
  membranes are placed around the yolk white. It
  takes 1.25 hours.
• Uterus- The thin white outer shell are placed
  around the egg. It stays here for about 20 hours.

28
Female Anatomy

• Vagina- From the uterus, the egg moves here. The
  egg stays here only a short time before it is
  laid. It takes about 25-27 hours to produce one
  egg.

29
How It Happens

1. Male Papillae deposits sperm in the cloacal wall
   of he female.
2. Sperm moves up the oviduct to the funnel, where
   it is fertilized.
3. Sperm Cells remain the oviduct 2-3 weeks after
   mating.

30
Other Things

• The YOLK provides nourishment, just like an
  umbilical cord in mammals. It also provides
  passive immunity, like colostrum.
• The egg white is called an ALBUMIN.
• It serves as a shock absorber for the developing
  embryo.