Female Reproductive Anatomy

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Female Reproductive Anatomy
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Macroscopic Female Functional Anatomy

• Objectives

• Recognize the various structures of the female
  reproductive system
• Relate function to each structure
• Distinguish differences among species

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Female Reproductive Tract

• Four common layers
• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis
• Serosa

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Suspensory Ligaments

• Broad Ligament
• Supports and suspends tract
• Vascular supply
• Lymphatic drainage
• nerves
• Composed of
• Mesometrium (body)
• Mesosalpinx (oviduct)
• Mesovarium (ovary)

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Ovaries

• Female gonads
• Suspended by mesovarium
• Shape dependent upon species (round, almond,
  bean)
• Function
• -produce female gametes (ova)
• -produce estrogen and progesterone

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Ovarian Architecture

• Cortex outer zone
• Medulla inner zone
• Stroma and Hilus
• Tunica Albuginea

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Oviduct

• Ovary to uterine horn
• Supported by mesosalpinx
• Functions
• Ovum transport
• Sperm storage and capacitation
• Fertilization (AIJ)
• Early embryo development

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Segments of the Oviduct
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Uterus

• Organ between the oviducts and the cervix
• Consists of a body and two horns (cornua)
• Cow, ewe, sow, and mare have bicornuate uteri
• Humans have simplex uteri (no horns)

• Functions
• Sperm transport
• Luteolysis
• Control of cyclicity
• Embryo environment
• Maternal placenta
• Expulsion of fetus

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Types of Uteri
Cow
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Cervix

• Located between the vagina and uterus
• Functions
• Lubrication
• Flushing
• Barrier

• Species Differences
• Cow - annular rings
• Ewe - annular rings
• Sow - corkscrew
• Mare - longitudinal folds

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Cervical Anatomy
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Vagina Vulva

• Vagina connects the cervix to the external
  genitalia and serves as the female copulatory
  organ
• Vulva external tissue of the female reproductive
  tract, receives penis during copulation.