Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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SkeletalandMuscularSystems
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Skeletal System
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Functions

• Gives structure to the body
• Supports Muscles
• Protects organs

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Organs

• There are 206 bones in the body.
• Layers of bone
• Periosteum bone membrane
• Compact Bone hard part of the bone that
  provides support.
• Spongy Bone framework of the bone that
  makes bone light and strong.
• Bone Marrow produces blood cells and stores
  energy.

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Bone Structure
Periosteum
Marrow
Bony layer
Blood vessels
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Structures

• Joint place where bones are connected
• Ligament tough bands of tissue that hold
  joints together.
• Tendon cords that connect muscle to bone

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How It Works

• Muscles are connected to bones. When they cross
  a movable joint, they act to move it.
• Types of Joints
• Ball-and-socket Joint shoulder and hip
• Pivot Joint top two vertebrae and elbow
• Hinge Joint knee and elbow

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Muscular System
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Function

• Movement of the body
• Protection of the joints
• Heat creation

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Organs

• Muscles are made up of long paired strands of
  proteins.
• Types of muscles
• Skeletal Muscle voluntary muscle that
  moves the body.
• Smooth Muscle involuntary muscle that lines
  internal organs found in digestive tract and
  blood vessels.
• Cardiac Muscle muscle that is specific to the
  heart.

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How It Works

• Muscle can only contract and relax. Joints are
  moved by shortening muscles.
• Muscles work in tandem. This is called
  reciprocal innervation. One muscle contracts on
  one side of the joint while the muscle on the
  other side relaxes.