Muscular System- Rehab Therapy

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Muscular System- Rehab Therapy
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• If you weigh 120 pounds, how much of the weight
  is muscle?

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Approximately 50 pounds
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MUSCLE TISSUE- 3 Types

• SKELETAL- attached to bone, voluntary, straited
  (because of stripes straie)
• CARDIAC- heart muscle
• SMOOTH- nonstraited, involuntary, found in
  visceral(organs) and blood vessel walls

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FUNCTION OF MUSCLES- to contract and lengthen

• SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION 1)
  MOVEMENT 2) POSTURE- MUSCLE TONE 3) HEAT
  PRODUCTION

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MOVEMENT

• Muscles move bones by pulling on them, shortening
  and contracting.
• The muscle that is the main one responsible for
  movement is called the PRIME MOVER. The other
  muscles that help are called SYNERGISTS.

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When prime movers synergists contract, other
muscles called ANTAGONISTS relax. When
antagonists contract they produce movement
opposite to prime movers synergists.
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POSTURE

• Tonic Contractions- does not move any body part,
  holds them in position. This is known as posture.
• Isometric Contractions- muscle does not shorten
  no movement occurs. Ex.- pushing against a wall

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• Isotonic contraction- produces movement at a
  joint such as walking, running or breathing
• Twitch contraction- quick jerky contraction

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• Tetanic contraction- more sustained contraction
  than a twitch. This is where the name tetanus
  comes from because of the severe cramping also
  known as lock-jaw.

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TENDONS

• Dense fibrous connective tissue that acts as
  cords, connects muscle to bone

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BURSAE

• Small fluids filled sacs that lie between some
  tendons bones
• Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae

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Bursae

• lined with synovial membrane which secretes a
  fluid (synovial) that fills the bursae
• This fluid acts as a cushion

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MOVEMENTS

• Flexion- movement that makes a joint angle
  smaller
• Extension- movement that makes joint angle larger

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• Abduction- moving body part away from the
  midline abduct
• Adduction- moving body part toward the midline
  add

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ROTATION

• Moving around longitudinal axis example shaking
  your head no

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• Supination- turn palm of hand anterior or up as
  with the anatomical position
• Pronation- turn the palm to posterior position or
  down

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• Dorsiflexion- elevate top of foot toward knee
• Plantarflexion- point foot downward as if you are
  standing on toes

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LIGAMENTS

• Strong fibrous connective tissue that grows out
  of the periosteum connects two bones together.

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MUSCULAR DISORDERS

• Muscular dystrophy- progressive wasting away of
  muscles
• Muscular atrophy- muscle shrinkage. Why would
  this occur?

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• Muscular hypertrophy- increase in muscle size

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Paralysis

• Injury to brain or spinal cord in which muscles
  cannot contract
• Hemiplegia- paralysis on side
• Paraplegia- paralysis waist down
• Quadraplegia- paralysis from neck down

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Three parts of a muscle

• Body- main part of the muscle
• origin
• insertion

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ORIGIN

• Muscle Attaches to relatively stationary bone

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INSERTION

• Muscle attaches to part of bone that moves

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• REFER TO HANDOUT ON INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES- DISCUSS