Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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Skeletal and Muscular Systems

• 8th Grade Growth and Development
• Lesson 1

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The Skeletal System

• Body System a group of organs that work
  together to perform an important function.
• Skeletal System a Frame work of bones that
  supports you, allows you to move, protects vital
  organs and produces
• blood cells.

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The Skeletal System
Made up of 206 bones.
Bones of the arms, legs and pelvis provide
movement when attached to muscles.
Bones of skull, face, spine, and rib cage give
you shape and protect organs.
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Important Bone Terms- Support and Control

• Cartilage strong flexible tissue on the ends of
  some bones, providing a cushion where bones come
  together.
• Ligaments strong cords of tissue that connect
  the bones in your joints.

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Your Joints

• Joint A point at which to bones meet. Without
  joints, you wouldnt be able to bend, move, walk
  or grasp!
• 3 Types of joints.

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Types of Joints

• Hinge Joint Allows bones to move back and
  forth. Knees and Elbows
• Fixed Joint a joint that does not move. Skull
• Ball and socket joint allows a wide range of
  movement. Shoulder and Hip

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Skeletal Problems

• Scoliosis
• a deformity of the spine in which the spine
  develops an S-shaped curve when viewed from
  behind.

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Skeletal Problems

• Osteoporosis a disease in which bones become
  thin and brittle.
• Fracture crack or break in a bone
• Sprain stretching or partial tearing of
  ligaments.

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Caring for your Skeletal System

• Exercise Regularly
• Wear shoes that fit properly
• Select foods and beverages rich in calcium,
  phosphorus, and vitamin D.
• Participate in screening for scoliosis.

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The Muscular System

• Muscular System made up of muscles that help
  you move and maintain your posture.

There are over 600 muscles in your body!
Muscles account for about ½ your body weight
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The Muscular System

• Tendons tough bands of tissue that attach
  muscles to bones

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The Muscular System

• Voluntary Muscles muscles you control.
• Also known as skeletal muscles
• Examples
• Biceps
• Triceps
• Quadriceps
• Deltoid

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The Muscular System

• Involuntary Muscle muscles you do not control.
• Examples
• Heart
• Stomach muscles
• Intestinal muscles

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The Muscular System

• Smooth Muscle muscle found in body organs blood
  vessels, and glands
• Smooth muscle is involuntary

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The Muscular System

• Cardiac Muscle muscle found only in the walls
  of the heart.
• Cardiac Muscle is involuntary and continually
  contracts and relaxes to pump blood throughout
  the body.

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Muscular Problems

• Muscle Strain Muscles are stretched to far
• Low back strain
• Muscle Sprain
• Muscle Cramp muscle contracts and fails to
  relax
• Lower back pain Results from poor posture and
  lack of exercise.

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Caring for your Muscular System

• Exercise regularly
• Warm up before exercising
• Select foods containing carbohydrates and protein
• Sleep in the fetal position on a firm mattress
• Practice weight management
• Lift objects by bending knees