Human Body Systems

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Human Body Systems
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How many human body systems are there?

• Digestive Reproductive
• Respiratory Nervous
• Excretory Endocrine
• Circulatory
• Skeletal
• Muscular

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Nutrition

• Nutrients ? are substances in food that provide
  raw materials and energy the body needs to carry
  out all essential processes.
• There are six kinds of nutrients carbohydrates,
  fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

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Carbohydrates

• Example ? Sugar and Starches
• Function ? main source of energy of life processes

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Fat

• Nutrient ? Fat
• Example ? oils, butter, cream
• Functions ? A reserve energy supply, building
  material for certain cell structures

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Protein

• Example ? Meat, eggs, beans, milk, fish
• Functions ?supplies amino acids which make new
  cells and body chemicals, repair and maintains
  body tissues

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Vitamins

• Example ? A, B, C, D, K
• Functions ? Necessary for good health and a
  healthy body, lack of a vitamin can cause disease

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Minerals

• Example ? Calcium, iron, potassium
• Functions ? Regulate body functions, needed for
  structure of body parts, maintain good health

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Water

• Functions ? Dissolves and transports materials in
  the body which is 70 water, needed for chemical
  reactions in the body

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Digestive System

• Is responsible for breaking down food into
  molecules the body can use.
• Then the molecules are absorbed into the blood
  and carried throughout the body.
• Finally, wastes are eliminated from the body

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Digestive System

• There are several parts
• Mouth Pancreas
• Esophagus Large Intestine
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Liver

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Mouth Salivary Glands

• Function Physical and Chemical breakdown of food
• Physical? when your teeth are breaking down the
  food
• Chemical? the breakdown of complex molecules into
  simple (by enzymes?Amylase)

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Esophagus

• Connects the mouth to the stomach
• Epiglottis? seals off your windpipe, preventing
  the food from entering.
• Peristalsis? waves of muscle contractions- pushes
  food through the to the stomach

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Stomach

• J- shaped, muscular pouch
• Pepsin Protease? enzyme digests proteins
• Hydrochloric Acid ? strong acid helps protease,
  kills bacteria
• Mucus ? coats and protects the lining of the
  stomach

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Small Intestines

• Completes chemical digestion, food is absorbed
  and transported to cells by blood.
• Produces protease, amylase, lipase enzymes
• Long folded increase surface area. Tiny
  finger-likevilli cover inner surface increase
  surface area.

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Liver

• Produces chemicals needed for digestion
• Liver? breaks down medicines produces bile
• Bile? breaks down fat particles neutralizes
  stomach acid

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Pancreas

• Triangular shaped organ, between stomach and
  small intestines
• Produces enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) that
  flow into the small intestines

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Large Intestines

• 1 ½ meters long (as long as a bathtub)
• Absorbs excess water, collects undigested food
  for removal from body

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Rectum Anus

• Rectum? short tube where waste is compressed into
  solid form
• Anus ? waste material is eliminated from the body