PATOLO

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PATOLOŠKA STANJA UZROKOVANA AEROSOLIMA

• KRONICNI BRONHITIS
• BRONHALNA ASTMA
• PNEUMOKONIOZE

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KRONICNI BRONHITIS

• Podrazumijeva da bolesnik produktivno kašlje
  najmanje 3 mjeseca godišnje u zadnje 2 godine

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Komponente razvoja KB

• Endogena komponenta
• tzv. astmaticko-bronhiticka konstitucija ?
  hipereaktivnost traheobronhalnog stabla, sklonost
  alergijskoj senzibilizaciji
• Egzogene komponente
• Infekcija, pušenje, aerozagadenje, alergeni
  (profesionalni i ambijentalni)

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BRONHALNA ASTMA

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PNEUMOKONIOZE

• Udisanje cestica prašine može uzrokovati
  poremecaje u dišnom sustavu preko 3 mehanizma
• 1. iritacija
• 2. senzibilizacija
• 3. retencija 
• ili kombinacijom navedenog.
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Tip oštecenja ovisiti ce o

•    velicini cestica
•    koncentraciji
• cestica
•    vrsti cestica

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PNEUMOKONIOZA

• u doslovnom prijevodu ? "prašina u plucima
• Danas prihvacena preciznija ILO definicija
• ? " akumulacija prašine u plucima pracena tkivnom
  reakcijom na njezinu prisutnost"

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"BENIGNA PNEUMOKONIOZA"

• ? prisustvo inertne prašine u plucima. Inertna
  prašina anorganska prašina cija retencija ne
  dovodi do disrupcije alveola i ne stimulira
  depoziciju kolagena, pa je stoga najcešce
  asimptomatska. Te prašine sadrže ? 1 SiO2 .
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Primjeri

• sideroza (željezni oksid)
• stanoza (kositrena rudaca)
• baritoza

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Kolagenska pneumokonioza"

• ? retencija prašina koje dovode do alveolarne
  disrupcije i kolagenske proliferacije ? fibroza
  pluca
• Najvažnije silikoza
• azbestoza
• pneumokonioza kopaca ugljena
• (stari naziv antrakosilikoza)
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• BLACK LUNG DISEASE

• (Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis)
• Coal dust is composed of amorphous carbon
  together with other components including silica
• Bituminous (soft) coal not fibrogenic
• (macrophages are not killed)
• Anthracite (hard) coal contains silica
• (can be fibrogenic depending on the amount of
  silica)

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• ASBESTOSIS

• Most of the patients are over 40 years, because
  in 1960 legislation to ban the use of asbestos
  became effective.
• Asbestos is a collective name for silicate
  minerals which occur in thin long fibers.
• Types of asbestos Crocidolite Amosite
  Chrysotile (most common)

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Lung Cancer

• Smoking and lung cancer
• Risk of lung cancer is proportional to the number
  of cigarettes smoked and with the age at which
  smoking was started
• If smokers who smoke fewer than 20 cigarettes a
  day stop, the increased risk of lung cancer
  decreases, reaching that of a non-smoker after 13
  years
• If smokers who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a
  day stop, they retain a small increased risk over
  non-smokers for life
• For passive smokers the risk of developing lung
  cancer is twice as great as that for those not
  exposed to smoke

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