Anatomy

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Anatomy

• Chapter 1 Notes

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• 1. Anatomy is the study of the structure and
  shape of the body and body parts and their
  relationships to one another.

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• 2. Physiology is the study of how the body and
  its parts work or function.

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• 3. The parts of your body form a well-organized
  unit, and each of those parts has a job to do to
  make the body operate as a whole. Structure
  determines what functions can take place.

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The 6 Levels of Structural Organization

1. Chemical level, made of atoms
2. Cellular level, made of combinations of molecules
3. Tissue level, made of similar types of cells
4. Organ level, made of different types of tissues
5. Organ System level, made of different organs
   working together
6. Organismal level, made of many organ systems

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• 6. Like all complex animals, human beings
  maintain their boundaries, move, respond to
  environmental changes, take in and digest
  nutrients, carry out metabolism, dispose of
  wastes, reproduce, and grow.

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5 Survival Needs

1. Nutrients (food)
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Body Temperature
5. Atmospheric Pressure

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• 8. Homeostasis describes the bodys ability to
  maintain relatively stable internal conditions
  even though the outside world is continuously
  changing.

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• 9. The 3 components of all homeostatic control
  mechanisms are receptors, control centers, and
  effectors.

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• 10. Most homeostatic control mechanisms are
  negative feedback mechanisms. In such systems,
  the net effect of the response to the stimulus is
  to shut off the stimulus.

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• 11. Directional terms used by medical personnel
  and anatomists allow them to explain exactly
  where one body structure is in relation to
  another.

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Complete the 5 sentences

1. Proximal
2. Anterior
3. Superior
4. Anterior
5. Lateral

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• 13. A section, or cut, is made through a body
  wall or organ along an imaginary line called a
  plane.

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Describe the following sections

• -Sagittal lengthwise plane of the body,
  dividing the body into a right and left side
• -Median (midsagittal) lengthwise, and each side
  is equal
• -Frontal (coronal) divides the body into
  anterior and posterior
• -Transverse divides the body into superior and
  inferior

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• 15. The ventral body cavity contains all the
  structures within the chest and abdomen.