Ch 18 Sec 1 Origins of the Cold War

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Ch 18 Sec 1- Origins of the Cold War

• 1945-1952

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Essential Questions

• Why was there a breakdown in relations between
  the US and USSR after WWII?
• What was the policy of containment and where was
  it applied?
• How did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
  deepened Cold War Tensions?
• How did conflicts over Germany increase fear of
  Soviet aggression?

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Former Allies Clash

• In the USSR the state controlled all property and
  economic activity
• In the Capitalist American system private
  citizens controlled economic activity
• In the USSR the Communist Party established a
  totalitarian government with one party
• In the US voting by the people chose the
  President and members of Congress with competing
  parties
• Spread of Capitalism and US trade?
• World-wide Communist revolution?

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Mistrust during the War

• The US knew that Stalin signed a non-aggression
  pact with Hitler in 1939
• Stalin resented the fact that the Allies took so
  long to open a second front in Europe
• Stalin resented that the US had tried to keep the
  atomic bomb a secret from an ally the USSR
• The UN became arena of competition
• Truman did not have the diplomatic skills or the
  personal relationship FDR had with Stalin

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The Potsdam Conference

• In July 1945 the Big Three met in Potsdam near
  Berlin
• Truman, Churchill/Attlee and Stalin
• By July 1945 the USSR had consolidated its grip
  on Eastern Europe
• Truman took a tougher stance with Stalin
• Stalin was concerned about security and did not
  keep his promise for free elections in Poland, he
  wanted a buffer from the West and a divided weak
  Germany
• The USSR wanted reparations from Germany, the US
  wanted to trade in Eastern Europe and Reunite
  Germany

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Satellite Nations

• Stalin installed Communist Gov. in Albania,
  Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and
  Poland
• Satellite Nation is a country economically or
  politically linked to the USSR

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Containment

• In February 1946 George F. Kennan an American
  diplomat in Moscow proposed a policy of
  containment
• Containment was the doctrine in which military,
  economic, and diplomatic strategies were to be
  used to turn back communism
• Europe was divide into two political regions a
  mostly democratic Western Europe and a communist
  Eastern Europe

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The Iron Curtain

• In March 1946, Winston Churchill traveled to
  Fulton, Missouri and gave the famous speech

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The Cold War

• The Cold War was an indirect state of conflict
  between the US and USSR that would dominate
  global affairs and US Foreign Policy from
  1945-1991
• In March 1947 Truman asked Congress for 400
  million in aid for Greece and Turkey so they
  could resist communist takeovers and Communist
  influence The Truman Doctrine
• The US would assist free people who are
  resisting attempted subjugation by armed
  minorities or by outside pressures.

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The Marshall Plan

• After the war Western Europe was in chaos, no
  fuel, no food, no shelter
• Many Refugees had to bear one of the coldest
  winters in 1946-1947
• The US feared Communism would spread to Western
  Europe
• In June 1947 Sec. of State George C. Marshall
  proposed the US provide aid to all European
  nations
• Between 1947 and 1951, 16 countries received 13
  billion in aid

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The Berlin Airlift

• The USSR and the US clashed over the issue of
  German Reunification
• In 1948 the US, Britain, and France combined
  their zones into West Germany
• Stalin quickly closed all access to the divided
  city of Berlin, no food or fuel could reach the
  2.1 million West Berliners
• The US and British flew 327 days, 277,000 flights
  and brought in 2.3 million tons of food , fuel,
  and medicine
• By May 1949 Stalin lifted the blockade

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NATO

• In May of 1949 The Federal Republic of Germany
  was established ( West Germany)
• In April 1949, Ten Western European nations
  joined with the US and Canada and formed the
  North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO)
• It was a defensive military alliance in which an
  attack ( by the USSR) on one was an attack on all
  (500,000 troops in Western Europe)
• In 1955 the USSR formed The Warsaw Pact with its
  allies to counter NATO

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Ch 18 Sec 2-The Cold War Heats UP

• How did the Communists come to power in China?
• How did the US react to this?
• What were the events of the Korean War?
• What was the reason for the conflict between
  President Truman and General MacArthur?

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Cold War Heats Up

• For decades Chinese communist led by Mao Zedong
  had struggled against US ally the Nationalist
  leader Chiang Kai-shek in bitter civil war
• Between 1945-1949 the US sent the Nationalist 3
  billion in aid
• The nationalists were corrupt, while Mao gained
  support of the people
• In May 1949 Chiang-Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, and
  The communists led by Mao controlled China
  Peoples Republic
• Truman was blamed for losing China

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The Korean War

• After WWII Korea was divide into a communist
  North Korea the Democratic Peoples Republic of
  Korea set up by the USSR with Kim II Sung as
  leader north of the 38th parallel
• South of the 38th parallel the US established the
  Republic of Korea led by Syngman Rhee
• By June of 1949 the US only had 500 troops in
  South Korea

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North Korea Attacks

• On June 25th, 1950 North Korean forces swept
  across the 38th parallel
• North Korean troops pushed South Korean and US
  forces back to Pusan
• The UN security council voted to send troops to
  aid South Korea, 16 nations 520,000 troops,(90
  American) 590,000 South Korean troops all led by
  General Douglas Mac Arthur

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The US Fights in Korea

• On September 1950 MacArthur landed his troops
  behind North Korean troops at Inchon and forced
  them back to the 38th parallel
• MacArthur pushed deep into North Korea and
  approached the Yalu River the border with China
• In Nov. 1950, 300,000 Chinese troops poured
  across the border and attacked UN troops
• The Chinese captured Seoul and both sides fought
  to a stalemate around the 38th parallel

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MacArthur Vs Truman

• In 1951 MacArthur called for extending the war
  into China buy blockading China and using atomic
  weapons
• MacArthur spoke to the press and to members of
  Congress about expanding the war and he was
  critical of President Truman
• On April 11th, 1951 Truman fired MacArthur
• He was welcomed home an popular hero
• 69 of Americans favored MacArthur

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Stalemate in Korea

• Peace Talks began at Pammunjom along the 38th
  parallel in July 1951
• In July 1953 an armistice was announced
• The DMZ was established at the 38th parallel
• The Korean war cost 54,000 American lives 2
  million Koreans and Chinese and 67 - 100
  billion The Forgotten War
• Many Americans turned toward the Republican Party
  by 1952 IKE

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