Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War

• 1945-1963

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I. Origins

1. Stalin refuses free elections
2. Satellite Nations
3. Violation of war conference agreements
4. March 1946, Churchill says, Iron curtain has
   descended across Europe.

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II. Containment

• Contain communism
• Truman Doctrine-Stop the spread of communism

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III. Marshall Plan

1. 3 billion over 4 yrs.
2. Rebuilding democratic govts

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IV. Berlin and the Warsaw Pact

1. Stalin wants no part of capitalism?cuts off E.
   Germ. from W.
2. Berlin Airlift
3. NATO
4. Warsaw Pact

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Berlin and the Warsaw Pact (contd)

• One-up each other?arms race
• 1949USSR tests A-bomb
• 1952USA tests hydrogen bomb

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V. National Security Act NSC-68

• Nat. Sec. Act, 1947
• D.O.D
• National Sec. Council
• CIA
• NSC-68
• Use of troops to achieve
• containment

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• 6. Special OperationsGreen Berets

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VI. Cold War Asia

• Chiang Kai-shek
• Mao Zedong
• 1949--China becomes communist
• 1950Stalin Mao communist bloc

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Korea

• 5. Korea
• N.Korea?communist
• 1950-cross 38th parallel into S.
• UN intervenes
• police action?not war
• N.Koreans repelled
• N.Korea pushed to Chinese border

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Korea (contd)

1. UN pushed back across 38th parallel
2. MacArthur critical?removed from command
3. 1953Stalemate?still divided at 38th
   parallelto this day

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VII. U2, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis

1. 1958U2 spy plane (recon.) shot down
2. Since 1955, USA spying on USSR

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Bay of Pigs

• 3. 1959Castro takes control
• Nationalizes US businessesland reform
• USA cuts off Cuba?Castro looks to USSR
• Ike approves plan to invade Cuba but dies

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Bay of Pigs

• 7. 1961JFK pres. agrees to invade Cuba
• Failure and embarrassment
• Krushchev wants USA out of Berlin
• JFK refuses
• Berlin Wall

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Cuban Missile Crisis

• 12. October 1962-Spy planes see nukes in Cuba
• 13. Threat goes from 30min. to 30sec.
• JFK orders missiles removed
• USSR Castro say no
• JFK orders naval blockade of Cuba
• Red Phone

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IX. Red Scare

• 1. Sen. (R)Joseph McCarthy
• 2. McCarthyism
• 3. Communist witch hunt

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X. Americans the Cold War

• Fear of Hitler/Tojo?fear of nuclear war
• Americans need
• protection
• Sputnik, 1957

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Americans the Cold War (contd)

• 1958, Ike creates NASA
• National Highway Act, 1956
• Interstate freeways
• 42,000 miles
• Quick evacuation
• Emergency landing
• Transport missiles

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