Leucocytosis and leucopenia

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LEUCOCYTOSIS AND LEUCOPENIA

• BY G.JANANI

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Leucocytosis

• It is the increase in number of white blood cells
  in the blood especially during an infection.
• It can be caused by infections,inflammation,aller
  gic reaction,malignancy,hereditary disorders or
  other miscellaneous causes.
• It is also caused by granulocyte
  colony-stimulating factor,macrophage colony
  stimulating factor,c-kit ligand,adhesion
  molecules(eg cd 11b, cd18) and various cytokines
  (eginterleukin -1,interleukin-3,interleukin-6,int
  erleukin-8).

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LEUKOCYTOSIS DIAGNOSIS

• The peripheral leukocyte count is determined by
  several mechanisms including,
• The size of precursor and storage pool of
  myeloid and lymphoid cells.
• The rate of release of the cells from the storage
  pool in the bone marrow.
• The rate of marginating cells out of blood
  vessels into the tissues.
• The rate of consumption of cells in the
  tissues(i.e.) cell loss.

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CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKOCYTOSIS
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NEUTROPHILIA

• It is due to increased production.
• Decreased egress from vascular space.
• Increased mobilization from the marrow storage
  pool.
• Reduced margination into the tissue.
• The count is more than gt 10010 power 9/L

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LYMPHOCYTOSIS

• It s 20-40in circulation.
• Adult gt4000/ml
• Older childrengt7000/ml
• Infants gt9000/ml

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MONOCYTOSIS

• It is also called as mononucleosis in case of
  infection.
• Monocytes give rise to macrophages and dendritic
  cells in the immune system.
• The range gt950/µl.

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EOSINOPHILIA

• Normal range-4.5 10 power 8 /L
• This disease is usually controlled by
  corticosteroids.

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BASOPHILIA

• Normal range-10 power 10/L
• It is usually associated with pruritus (itching)
  due to release of histamine.

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LEUCOPENIA

• A reduction in number of white blood cell in the
  blood typical of various diseases.
• Here also the most important classification is
  neutropenia.
• It is also sub-classified into 5 types as
  leucocytosis.

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NEUTROPENIA

• Neutrophil count lt 2.0 10 power 9 /L.
• Black and Middle East people may have count
  lt1.510 power 9 /L normally.

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LYMPHOPENIA

• Rangelt1.5 10 power 9 /L.

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BASOPENIA

• Range lt 0.110 9 /L
• It is caused due to infection, inflammation,haemor
  rhage,allergic reaction etc.

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MONOCYTOPENIA

• Rangelt 0.210 power 9 / L

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EOSINOPENIA
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