Telekommunikation

1
Telekommunikation

2
Dagens temaer

• Hvad er telekommunikation ( fjerne)
• Fast linier / faste forbindelser
• Mobile kommunikation / mobil-telefoni
• Opbygning og virkemåde
• Brug og behov for mobil kommunikation
• Hvad er godt/vigtigt at huske eller tage med
  hjem
• Hvad bruger vi - når vi bruger (tele)kommunikation
  ?
• Hvilke grundelementer i mobil kommunikation
• Hvordan virker mobil kommunikation

3
Agenda

• GSM nettet
• Opbygning
• Virkemåde
• SIM kort
• Messeting services
• Nummer portabilitet
• Modtage enheder BC
• Produktkonvergens
• Øvelser

4
Kort om fasteforbindelser
Lokation A

• At have en forbindelse mellem A og B
• En forbindelsen kan være forskellige typer
• Leased lines ( vi lejer en ledning )
• Forskellige størrelser 64 kB -gt 2 Mb (E1),
  34Mb(E3) -gt 655 Mb (fastekredsløb)
• Forskellige protokoller
• Framerelay
• ATM
• ADSL (128 kb -gt 2 Mb ) SOHO og SMB
• VPN
• A og B kan være
• Internt i organisationen
• Til og fra ISPer

Lokation B
B
A
5
Mobil kommunikation og telefoni
Global System for Mobile communications
6
Hvor mange mobiltelefoner/ abonnementer råder i
over ?

• Som arbejdstelefon
• Privat abonnement
• Taletidskort
• Hvor mange telefone er der i husstanden/kollegtiv
  et i forhold til medlemmer ?
• Er der nogle der ikke har en mobiltelefon ?

7
History of GSM

• Analogue full FM duplex cellular mobile phone
  systems appear and experience rapid growth
• Cellular systems develop without standards,
  resulting in incompatible systems (i.e.. mobile
  equipment can not be operated outside of home
  country)
• Europeans in the Conference of European Posts
  and Telegraphs (CEPT)
• form study group called Groupe Speciale Mobile
  (GSM) to develop set of common standards for a
  pan-European cellular mobile system
• First real commercial cellular system in US
• Technical committee within newly formed European
  Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
  handles specification work
• Official commercial launch of GSM service
  started
• GSM Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has 62
  members in 39
• countries world-wide.

early 1980s

1982
1983
1989
1992
1993
8
GSM Started in Europe

• Problems
• Multiple Languages
• Multiple Currencies
• Different Policies / National Identity
• Different Network Technologies
• Different Cultures

9
GSM World Rollout
1992 GSM roll out in Europe
1993 Australia (Telstra) starts a GSM operation
1995 APC starts first USA GSM1900 operation
1994/95 India,Africa, Asia, and the Arab world
start up GSM operations
10
Frequency Bands

• Frequency Ranges
• GSM 900 Also called GSM, operates in 900
  MHz and is the most common in Europe and in
  the world
• GSM 1800 Also called PCN and DCS 1800,
  operates in 1800 MHz Operates e.g. in
  France, Germany Switzerland, UK and Russia
• GSM 1900 Also called PCS, PCS 1900 and DCS
  1900. The only frequency used in USA and
  Canada
• GPRS
• Softwareoverbygning til GSM

11
Gennemgang af principper for mobil telefoni

• Hvad er en håndterminal ?
• Hvordan foregår
• Mobile 2 mobile
• Mobile 2 PSTN ( almindeligt analog telefoni )
• Hvorfor kun tale og 9600/14400 data (GPRS 56000)
  ?
• Hvad sker der når man flytter sig ?
• Opdeling i celler
• Billing-systemets placering

12
Mobile communications is provided by cellular
(sometimes called wireless) technology
Generic Wireless System
Receiver Transmitter
Subscriber unit with receiver (and transmitter)
Control system
Public Switched Telephone Network
Leased Lines
Antenna
13
Network Architecture
SIM Subscriber Identity Module BSC Base Station
Controller MSC Mobile Switching Center ME Mobile
Equipment HLR Home Location Register EIR
Equipment Identity Register BTS Base Transceiver
Station VLR Visitor Location Register AuC
Authentication Center
14
GSM Network
OMC
MSC
BTS
VLR
BTS
MSC
BSC
NM
BTS
BTS
BTS
MSC
BSC
BTS
GMSC
BTS
HLR
BTS
Gateway
BTS
MSC
BCS
15
Cellular technology requires dividing service
areas into cells
A large number of low-power transmitters create
small areas called cells, which range in
diameter from one to 20 miles, depending on
terrain and capacity needs.
Large cells for low-density areas
Small cells for high-density areas
Source The Geodesic Network II.
16
As a mobile user travels across cell boundaries,
the call is handed off
When the phone begins to leave a cell, the
network senses that the signal is weakening and
hands the call over to the nearest tower.
MSC
CELL B
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
As the mobile unit crosses from Cell A to Cell B,
the hand-off is executed under control of the
mobile telephone switching center.
CELL A
17
Roaming

• Hvad betyder roaming ? Omstrejfer ?
• Når man er uden for eget net ?
• Hvem transportere dit kald hjem til eget net.
• Hvorfor er det så dyrt/ billigt ?

18
Roaming
Network 1
Network 2
19
Simkortet

• Forskellige generationer af kort
• G1,G2 forskel i kapacitet, hukommelse,
  sikkerhedsopdeling ( antal PIN koder )
• Hvad SIM-kortet rummer ..
• En lille processor ( crypto processor )
• Hukommelse til numre, tekst, tale beskeder
• Sikkerhedsprocedure / sikkerhedskoder

20
Subscriber Identity Module
Primary Account Number 19 visible characters
(maximum)
8
9
Issuer identification number (digits variable,
max. 7)
Check digit.
Major Industry Identifier (MII) (ISO 7812) 89
is assigned for telecommunication purposes to
Administrations
Country code Recommendation E.163 (variable, 1
to 3 digits)
Individual account identification number
(variable, but fixed number of digits for each
particular issuer identifier number)
Issuer identifier number (variable, but fixed
number of digits within a country or world zone,
where appropriate).
21
SIM Demo

• Redigering i preferd network tabellen som danner
  grundlag for roaming -gt www.chipy.dk

22
Simlås ?

• Ligger i telefonen ikke på simkortet !
• Binder den telefonen til et simkortet -gt
  teleoperatør som har solgt i en periode på 6-12
  md.
• Mere på
• http//www.jubii.dk/Erhverv_oekonomi/Telefoni/Fjer
  nSimlaasen/

23
SMS/MMS

• Short Messagting Services
• 160 tegn
• Billeder ( postkort )
• Med tale ( 2 foran ) www.tdcmobil.dk
• Multimedia Mesaging Services
• Farvebilleder
• Video

24
Nummerportabilitet

• Hvordan er det organiseret ?
• Hvad sker der når Hansen skifter teleselskab ?
• Ved vi hvad vi ringer til ?
• Krydssporteringer
• Mobil 2 Mobil
• Fast 2 fast
• Geo portering ( central frihed )

25
Hvad byder fremtiden på ?

• GPRS
• New standard based on GSM tech implemented to
  day
• High data transmission (approx. 56K)
• Require new phone
• EGPRS
• Enhanced GPRS
• High data transmission (approx. 150K)
• To be implemented
• Require software update or new phone

• UMTS
• 3. generation mobile telephony
• Require new mobile network
• Require new phone
• High data transmission (approx. 300K)
• To be implemented
• UK Hi ? link

26
The Generations ahead
Anno 1998
27
The Relative Positioning of speed
MOBILITY m/sec
G
S
Vehicle
DAWS
M
Outdoor
T
G
UMTS
E
Walk
P
MOBILITY
T
R
R
S
Fixed
A V D
HiperAccess/Link
Premises
Indoor
Mbps
Office
0.2
0.02
155
2
20
28
På modtage siden
29
Mobilt internet

• Hvor er vi og hvor går vi hen ?
• Gartner
• Øget brug af webapplikatoner
• Tilgang gennem desktop som vi kender det og
  PDA, Bluetooth og laptops
• Strand
• Produktkonvergens
• Telefon, PDA, Laptop
• New ( generel ) service types

30
The development of the mobile market
Udviklingstrin
Horizon 1 GSM single and dual band
terminals Horizon 2 PDA, Smart Phones and SHD
terminals Horizon 3 UMTS terminals
Horisont 3
Horisont 2
Horisont 1
år
2000
2000
2000
31
Product Convergence
32
Market players in a converging market
33
What they each bring to the convergence

• Mobile phone
• PDA
• PC

• Wireless and business models
• Shape
• Applications

34
Mobilt Internet - Båndbrede et problem eller
hvad ?

• Gartner Normalt betragtes båndbrede eller
  kapacitet som flaskehalsen, men menneskelige
  ressourcer kan blive den afgørende flaskehals !
• En del teknologi muligheder er der pt. ( været et
  del tid )
• Båndbreden er på vej op ( GPRS, ADSL er
  tilgængelig lokale HotSpots(USA) - UMTS påvej
  )

35
Summery

36
Med hjem og hvad der er værd at huske 1/2

• Overblik den mobile verden og dens komponenter
• Hvad er / hvordan foregår roaming (nationalt og
  internationalt )
• Hvordan simkort og teleforn hænger sammen.
• At teleområdet er det hurtigt voksende / mest
  foranderlige område. ( selv om hastigheden er sat
  ned )
• Hvad der teknisk kommer i nærmeste fremtid.

37
Med hjem og hvad der er værd at huske 2/2

• At service
• Er meget svært at spå om meget ( hvis vi kunne
  .. )
• At timing er uhyggelig vigtig
• At økonomi og behov spiller nye roller
• P-billet i København Easypark gik / TDC gik
  ikke
• WAP er der ( et eller andet sted )
• Cola-automater gik ikke rigtigt
• John Strands aktør model.
• At det mere handler om timing end teknik

38
Husk ..

• I har styr på begreber i mobil-diskussionen- hvor
  meget er usikkert - men sikkert er det - vi får
  mere tilgængelighed flere steder.
• Og den store knap findes også her . !

39
BC

• B
• C

40
APPENDIX
41
APPENDIX - Here are just a few of the acronyms
you may hear
AC Authentication Centre BSC Base Station
Controllers BTS Base Transceiver Station (base
station) CDMA Code Division Multiple
Access CDPD Cellular Digital Packet
Data CSC Customer Service Centre ETACS Extended
Total Access Communications System FCC Federal
Communications Commission (USA) GSM Global
System for Mobile communications HLR Home
Location Register MS Mobile Station (Hand
set) MSISDN Mobile Subscriber Identity
Number OMC Operation and Maintenance
Center PCS Personal Communications
Services PIN Personal Identification
Number PSTN Public Switched Telephone
Network PUK Personal Unlocking
Key SIM Subscriber Identify Module SMS Short
Message Service TACS Total Access Communications
System TDMA Time Division Multiple
Access VLR Visitor Location Register MSC Message
Switching Center
42
The GSM standard includes many value added
services

• Voice Messaging
• Short Message Service (both send and receive)
• Short code dialling
• International roaming
• Call Access (direct connection to networks)
• Emergency calls
• Help line services
• Cell broadcast (information services for an
  area)
• Closed user groups
• Data services e.g.. fax
• Advice of charge
• Caller line identification
• Caller line id restriction

• Making and Receiving calls
• Call Forwarding
• Call forwarding unconditional
• Call forwarding when not reachable
• Call forwarding on mobile busy
• Call Waiting
• Call Hold
• Call Barring
• Outgoing calls
• Barring of all outgoing calls
• Barring of outgoing intl. calls
• Barring of outgoing intl calls except to home
  country
• Incoming calls
• Barring all incoming calls
• Barring incoming calls when roaming
• Conference calling