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The State-of-the-Art of New Textile Materials
Prof. Dr. Roshan Shishoo IFP Research Institute,
Sweden
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Broad classification

• Hygienic absorbent products
• Hospital and healthcare products
• Implants
• Scaffolds

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Medical textiles, end-use consumption by
region, 1995-2005 (1000 tons)
1000 1995 2000 2005 CAGR tons
95-05 W. Europe 334 351 388 1.5
E. Europe 29 37 56 6.7 N.
America 368 388 409 1.1 S.
America 30 40 48 5.0 Asia
348 459 608 5.7 Australasia 15
18 21 3.9 Rest of world 54
81 122 8.5 Total 1177 1374 1652
3.4
Estimated
Source David Rigby Associates
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Consumption of Nonwovens per End-use in Europe,
1999
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Consumption of Nonwovens per End-use in North
America, 1999
1000 tons -age of total Hygiene 87
34 Medical/surgical 33 14 Wipes
forpersonal care 50 (est.) 10
Source INDA
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Major players in the global medical textiles
market
Company Product Area Procter Gamble Diapers,
Feminine Hygiene, (Worldwide) Adult
Incontinence, Wipes Kimberly Clark/Scott Diapers
, Feminine Hygiene,(Worldwide) Wipes, Adult
Incontinence, Medical Textiles Johnson
Johnson Feminine Hygiene, Wipes, (Worldwide)
Adult Incontinence, Medical Products SCA Hygiene
Products Feminine Hygiene, Wipes,
(Europe/Worldwide) Adult Incontinence Mölnlycke
Health Care Medical and Hospital
Textiles(Europe/Worldwide) Baxter (US) Medical
Textiles
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Major players in the global medical textiles
market
Company Product Area Smith Nephew Medical
Products (Worldwide) Lehm Fink (US) Wipes
Uni-charm Diapers, Feminine Hygiene, (Japan)
Adult Incontinence, Kao (Japan) Diapers,
Feminine Paragon (US) Diapers DuPont Disposable
Medical Clothing(Worldwide)
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Medical and health care products

• surgical caps, gowns, masks
• sponges, dressings, wipes
• orthopedic padding
• bandages, tapes
• drapes, wraps, packs
• bed linen, underpads
• examination gowns
• filters for biological liquids
• drug delivery system

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Medical textiles

• Natural fibre materialsCotton, wool
• Man-made fibre materials Viscose, PET, PTFE,
  PUR, PA and PP
• Biodegradable fibres PLA, PGA

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Fiber properties of Lactron (PLA)
Lactron PET PA6 Physical properties density
g/cm³ 1.27 1.38 1.14 refractive Index
1.4 1.58 1.57 Tm C 175 260
215Tg C 57 70 40 Moisture
regain(standard condition) 0.5
0.4 4.5 Fibre properties tensile strength
cN/tex 40-50 40-50 40-53 Shrinkage in
boiling water 8-15 8-15 8-15
Source Kanebo
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OR-gowns Performance Requirement
Balance of widely different properties

• Protection against possible contamination of
  fluid-borne viruses and bacteria
• Comfortable
• Providing freedom of movement
• Reusable/disposable

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OR-gowns Barrier materials for protection against
biological hazards (liquids and aerosols)

• Resistance to penetration
• during wet contact with micro-organisms
• during dry contact with micro-organisms
• of wet airborne micro-organisms
• of dry airborne micro-organisms

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OR-gowns

• Microfiber based woven fabrics
• Special nonwoven structures
• Breathable fabrics
• Coated fabrics (microporus coating)
• Laminated fabrics (hydrophilic or microporous
  membrane)

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Elastic bandages

• provide support
• assist in the healing of strained muscles
• assist in the treatment of various conditions

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Compressive bandages and pressure garments

• Novel textile structures
• Incorporation of elastomeric yarns
• Longitudinal stretch produces radial
  compressional forces

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Wound dressing
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Wound dressing

• Absorbent composite fibre (alginate another
  polysaccharide)
• Blend of absorbent fibre and textile fibre.
• Bristol -Meyers Squibb

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Anti-thrombosis stockings

• Tubular stockings produced on circular and flat
  weft-knitting machines
• Double-bar raschel warp-knitting machines
• Conical tubular construction
• Multiple joining of two knitted layers by
  using an additional yarn system
• Optimum compression pressure

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Alginate and chitosan fibres for medical use

• Alginate fibres - Biomaterials for wound-
  protecting bandages
• Chitosan fibres - acceleration of healing,
  especially burn wounds

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Anti-microbial agents
Anti-microbial agents such as chitosan and other
chitin based materials exhibit a higher
anti-microbial activity when thinly coated on to
a hydrophobic surface than the activity of the
agent alone. Patent Kimberly-Clark
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Market potential for anti-microbial fibres in
Europe (total 28 Kt)
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19
12
18
19
8
4
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Source Trevira
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Textile fibres that are

• permanently anti-microbial (bacteriostat)
• actively reduce the number of bacteria
  (bactericide)

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Trevira Bioactive

• Anti-microbial effect achieved by interaction of
  silver ions with the cell membranes of
  microorganisms
• Trevira claims that the anti-microbial effect
  remains unchanged after 100 wash cycles

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Wellman Fillwell Wellcare

• Anti-microbial polyester
• Inoganic polymer additive
• Hollow, siliconized fibres for home furnishings
  and beddings

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Nylstar Meryl Skinlife

• Bacteriostatic nylon 6.6 fibres for use in
  underwear, socks, shoe lining, and sportswear

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Textiles in medical applications, e.g. sutures,
artificial ligaments, vascular grafts etc.
Different functions as implants Replacement of
tissue this is necessary when no natural
tissue is available or new natural
tissue has not the required properties
like stability or extensibility Tissue
support the textile structure reinforces new
tissue
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Biodegradable fibres used in implants

• Collagen
• Alginate
• Poly (Lactic Acid)
• Poly (Glycolic Acid)
• Polyamines
• Polyurethanes (-ether)

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Non-biodegradable fibres used in implants

• PTFE
• PES
• PP
• Carbon

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Surgical Implants

• High founctional fibres
• High performance textile structures3-D shaped
  fabrics from woven, knitted and braided processes

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Characteristics of different textile structures
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Knitted and woven PES vascular and
cardiovascular grafts

• Surface modification to facilitate tissue growth,
  e.g., collagen coated
• With antimicrobial protection using e.g., silver
  coating

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Tissue engineeringReserve parts for the human
body
Source Illustrerad Vetenskap, No 5, 1999
Skin
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SCAFFOLDS Prerequisites

• large surface area
• 3-D structure
• degrade with time

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Developments in polymers and fibres

• Resorbable polymers
• Microfibres
• Complex fibres cross-sections
• Antimicrobial fibres
• Slow-release fibres

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Developments in fibrous structures

• Surface Treatments
• Enhancing biocompatibility
• Functional surfaces
• Surgical Implants
• Thermoplastic composites using textile pre-pegs
• Surgical Swabs
• High absorption, non-linting

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Intelligent textiles for medical applications
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Range of bio-sensors
Smart bandages
Sensors and data-processing components
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Intelligent clothing
To monitor vital body functions

• pulse rate
• blood pressure
• heart activity
• body temperature

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Interactive textile materials
Phase change materials (PCM)
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PCM microcapsules for protective clothing

• Absorption of surplus body heat
• An insulation effect caused by heat emission
  of the PCM into the structure
• A thermo-regulating effect which keeps the
  microclimate temperature nearly constant

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The PCM microcapsules can be contained within the
fibre itself...
Source Outlast
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or with textile structures
Source Outlast
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PTT fibres
Polytrimethylene terepthalate (PTT)
An aromatic polyester made by polycondensation
of 1,3 propanediol (PDO) and terepthalic acid.
High stretch - high recovery
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Heat regenerating conjugate fibre
PETorPA
ZrC
Thermotron UNITIKA
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Nanofibres (PP, PE, PAN, aramid)

• Max diameter 999 nm, (0.008 dtex)
• Mean diameter five times smaller than that of
  typical meltblown PP-fibres

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Nanotechnology

• Electrospinning of nanofibres from polymer
  solutions and melts
• Electrospinning of nanocomposite filaments and
  membranes

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Nano-technology
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Application areas for nanofibre technology

• Multifunctional filters (dust, bacteria, virus)
• Ballistic products
• Fibre reinforced composites
• Surface modifications of textiles
• Membranes for coating and laminating
• Medical textiles

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Concluding remarks

• Novel materials
• Engineered products design
• Structure and surface biocompatibility
• Inter-disciplinary effortstextile sciences,
  bioengineering, molecular biology, microbiology,
  mechanical engineering

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Thank you!