Civil War (1861-1865) and Reconstruction

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Civil War (1861-1865) and Reconstruction
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Election of 1860

• Abraham Lincoln runs against Stephen Douglas and
  John C. Breckinridge (both were Democrats)
• Lincoln wins without a single southern state
  voting for him (more people lived in the north)

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Southern States secede

• As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South
  started to secede. This means the South split
  from the Union. They no longer wanted to be part
  of the United States.
• Supporters of secession based their arguments on
  the idea of states rights. They said they had
  voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave
  when they wanted.

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Confederate States of America

• On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the
  first state to secede.
• They were followed by Mississippi, Florida,
  Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
• The eleven states that had seceded formed the
  Confederate States of America.
• They named Jefferson Davis as president.
• They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery
  legal.

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The Civil War began at Fort Sumter.
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• Fort Sumter was in the South, and the Union had a
  hard time defending the fort.
• There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the
  beginning of the war.
• There were 11 states in the Confederacy (South)
  at the beginning of the war.

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Norths Advantages

• The North some many advantages. They had many
  more people and also had more factories, which
  could be used to make weapons
• The Union also had many more miles of railroad
  tracks.

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Souths Advantages

• The Souths main advantage was that they were
  fighting at home. (closer to their supplies)
• The Confederacy also had superior generals and
  better trained soldiers.
• The South was also being supplied by England at
  the beginning of the war. England wanted to keep
  trading for the Souths cotton.

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Battle of Bull Run

• One of the first battles of the war was the
  Battle of Bull Run.
• The North realized after this battle that the war
  would not be easy and would not be over soon.

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New Weapons

• Many new weapons were used during the Civil War.
• One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An
  ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it
  to protect it from cannon fire.

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Other new weapons

• Deadlier cannons and bullets
• More accurate rifles

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Battle of Antietam

• First time the Confederacy invaded Northern
  territory was the Battle of Antietam.
• It was bloodiest battle day in United States
  history. 23,000 casualties that day.
• The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This
  victory by the Union gave President Lincoln the
  chance to announce the abolition of slavery in
  the South.

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Declared that all slaves should be set free in
  the Confederacy.
• It also allowed blacks to serve in the Union army
  and navy.
• South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation, but
  it did change to focus of the war to the issue of
  slavery.

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Women in the Civil War

• Women on both sides worked during the war. Many
  became nurses. The most famous nurse from the
  Union was Clara Barton.
• She also helped organize the American Red Cross.

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Battle of Gettysburg

• The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest
  battles of the war.
• 90,000 Union soldiers fought 75,000 Confederate
  soldiers.
• More than 50,000 men were killed or wounded in
  the battle.
• The Union won the battle.

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Gettysburg Address

• After the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln
  went to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery in
  honor of all those who had died.
• Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech
  became very famous.
• It is called the Gettysburg Address.

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Reconstruction

• The period of time after the war
• Lincoln is assassinated
• 13th Amendment freed slaves
• 14th and 15th Amendment tried to give equality
  and voting to the freedmen (former slaves)
• Tried to rebuild a broken nation