THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

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Leading Up to the War

• Louisiana Purchase bought from the French for
  15 million in 1803

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MANIFEST DESTINY

• AMERICANS BELIEF THAT THEY WERE DESTINED TO
  EXPAND FROM SEA TO SEA (ATLANTIC-PACIFIC)?

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Causes of Sectional Tensions

• Disagreements over the legality, morality, and
  politics of slavery

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Causes of Sectional Tensions

• The concept of popular sovereignty That local
  settlers can decide whether their state will be a
  free state or a slave state
• California Gold Rush (49ers) California applies
  as a free state (uneven slave and free)?
• Fights over which new states/territories will be
  free or slave

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Causes of Sectional Tensions

• The Compromise of 1850 leads to the Fugitive
  Slave Law

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Causes of Sectional Tensions

• Lincoln wins the presidency in 1860

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Quiz 4

• 1. What was the Three-fifths Compromise?
• 2. How many states had to ratify the Constitution
  before it became legal?
• 3. What are the first ten amendments to the
  Constitution called?
• 4. How did westward expansion cause the North and
  the South to confront the issue of slavery?
• 5. What was the final outcome of the national
  split over the slavery issue?

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• July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURG
• won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the
  Union control of Mississippi River
• Grant was then given control of all Union armies
  ? began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the
  South
• General Sheridan decimated Va.'s Shenandoah
  Valley
• General Sherman given task of taking Atlanta his
  "March through Georgia" saw total destruction
  from Atlanta to Savannah

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• April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - final
  blow to Lee's army
• Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at APPOMATTOX
  COURTHOUSE
• All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of
  loyalty to U.S.
• otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient
• Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and
  further conflict
• issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. gov't
  had asserted its status

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After four bloody years of civil war, the South
was defeated.
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Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
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• POLITICAL / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
• w/o Southerners in fed. gov't, many changes
  occurred that benefited the North
• 1) Homestead Act passed by Congress in 1862 -
  encouraged W. expansion w/o slavery
• - 165 acres given to anyone who would farm
  it 5 yrs.
• 2) Union-Pacific Railway was authorized - great
  trade potential, focused on the Northern States.
• 3) Tariffs were put in place to protect Northern
  industry

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• 4) Congress established a single federal currency
  - same value in all states - known as
  "Greenbacks"
• 5) to cover war debts, Union gov't issued war
  bonds and intro'd income tax
• 6) in a further illustration of fed. gov't power,
  Lincoln's gov't restricted civil liberties so
  nothing would detract from Union war effort
  (suspended Habeas Corpus)?
• - free press/ speech also interrupted
• 7) 1864 Election - only in Union
• - pitted Republican Lincoln against Democrat
  General McClellan ? Lincoln won easily, assuring
  that war will continue (N. Democrats wanted an
  end)?

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• EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR
• creation of a single unified country
• abolition of slavery
• increased power to fed. gov't killed the issue
  of states rights
• U.S. now an industrial nation
• a stronger sense of nationalism
• w. lands increasingly opened to settlement
• South was economically and physically devastated,
  w/ the plantation system crippled...thus
  Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep
  hatred of the North remained...