Apartheid South Africa, 1948 - 1994

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ApartheidSouth Africa, 1948 - 1994
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Always Racially Divided

• 1910 South Africa gained self-rule from Britain
• 1948 National Party came to power
• promoted Afrikaners (Dutch South Africans)
• instituted apartheid complete separation of
  races

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APARTHEID

• Social contact between whites and blacks banned
• Government set up homelands where all blacks
  had to live
• whites got the best land
• Segregated schools, hospitals, neighborhoods

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Resistance to Apartheid

• 1912 African National Congress formed (ANC)
• famous leader Nelson Mandela
• Non-violent protests often became violent between
  ANC supporters and police

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• Mandela as a young ANC leader

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• The shanty towns became centers for black groups
  who resisted the white government.
• Thousands resisted apartheid by refusing to work,
  refusing to buy white products, going into white
  only areas, and marching in nonviolent
  demonstrations.

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• Desmond Tutu (Archbishop) asked foreign countries
  to isolate South Africa
• SA banned from Olympics
• F.W. de Klerk elected president
• legalized ANC and released Mandela from prison

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Mandela and de Klerk jointly receive Nobel Peace
Prize
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• 1st universal elections April 1994
• Mandela wins!
• South Africa developed a Constitution

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AFRICAN DECOLONIZATION

• African nations fight for independence from
  colonial powers (1940s 1980s)
• Right to self-determination allowing people to
  decide for themselves under what government they
  wished to live

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African nations have generally been
unstablewhy?

1. Tribal and ethnic fighting.
2. Europeans only taught Africans to farm 1 or 2
   products, not enough for a country to live on.
3. Military governments replaced democracies.