African Nationalist Movements

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African Nationalist Movements

• SS7H1b
• Explain how nationalism led to independence in
  South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.

2
What is a nationalist movement?

• The progressive development of gaining a sense of
  identity with a nation

3
By Early 20th Century

• Europe had colonized almost all of Africa
• Liberia and Ethiopia are the only countries that
  were not colonized
• Africans wanted to control their own governments
  and resources
• Latter part of 20th century- African nations
  worked to free themselves

4
Kenya

• Mau Mau- secret society that existed from
  1952-1960
• Believed force would free Kenya
• Thousands of people killed (only 100 Europeans)
• After long period of fighting, Britain granted
  independence
• 1963- first democratic election- Jomo Kenyatta
  elected first president

5
Nigeria

• Britain given control at the Berlin Conference
  and made region 2 colonies
• Made up of many ethnic groups
• Groups did not want to be in the same country
• The division led to different treatment by the
  British
• British spent more money in the south than in the
  north

6
Nigeria cont.

• 1940s- Nigerians started many groups to fight
  British rule
• These groups eventually became political parties
• Late 1940s and the 1950s- British let Nigerians
  elect their own government
• Given independence on Oct. 1, 1960 without having
  to fight
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?featureplayer_embedd
  edvxwHMbdbWMtU Video 1123

7
South Africa

• During colonization, Britain gains control of
  South Africa.
• Two very different nationalist movements emerge
  following the formation of the Union of South
  Africa in 1910.
• The white Afrikaner nationalist movement which is
  represented by the National Party, formed in
  January 1914.
• The black nationalist movement is led primarily
  by the African National Congress (ANC), formed in
  1912.

8
South Africa cont.

• The Afrikaner nationalist movement grew in
  popularity over the next 30 years, playing on
  Afrikaner (white) resentment of the British
  control of most of South Africa's economy and
  fear of the black majority.
• In 1948 the National Party wins the all-white
  general election.
• The basis of the campaign that won this election
  was to introduce a system of apartheid to
  totally separate the races.

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South Africa cont.

• Opposition to the apartheid system by the black
  majority is ruthlessly suppressed.
• It receives increasing support from the white
  electorate.
• The National Party (white) remained in power
  until 1994.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKwrbCvJLA3A 341

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Reflection

• Pretend you were born in Nigeria, South Africa,
  or Kenya during the time of European
  colonization. Explain why you might want your
  country to be independent from European rule.
  What do you want to have happen when your country
  is independent? What kind of rule would you like
  to live under?

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The End