Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)

1
Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)

• Section 1 The Norths Economy

2
Chapter Time Line
3
Chapter Time Line
4
Section 1-Polling Question
Which do you think is the most important
innovation of the 1800s? A. The expanding railway
system B. Faster communication C. Faster ships
and trains D. More efficient manufacturing
methods

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

5
Essential Question
What innovations in industry, travel, and
communications changed the lives of Americans in
the 1800s?
6
Technology and Industry

• Innovations in industry and technology began to
  change the way Americans worked and traveled
• Industrialization in the North developed in 3
  phases
• 1. Manufacturers made products by dividing the
  tasks involved among the workers
• 2. Manufacturers built factories to bring
  specialized workers together (Products made
  quicker)
• 3. Factory workers used machinery to perform some
  of their work (Water or steam power)
• From weaving to tending a machine

7
Section 1
What happened in the first phase of
industrialization in the North? A. Factory
workers used machinery to perform some of their
work. B. Manufacturers made products by
dividing the tasks involved among the
workers. C. Waterpower and steam power were
used to produce more products in less
time. D. Manufacturers built factories to bring
specialized workers together.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

8
Mass Production in the North

• Cotton textiles
• Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846
• Workers now created clothing on a large scale
• Other industries also developed during the same
  time period
• By 1860- The NORTHEASTS factories produced at
  least 2/3 of the countries manufactured goods

9
Improved Transportation

• Transportation improvements contributed to the
  success of Americas new industries
• Between 1800 and 1850- thousands of miles of
  roads and canals were built
• Canals opened new shipping routes
• Robert Fultons steamboat could carry more goods
  and passengers more cheaply and quickly
• Cities like Cincinnati, Buffalo, and Chicago grew
• 1840s- Clipper ships could sail 300 miles per
  day (Clipped time from shipping)

10
Locomotives

• Railroads started with short stretches of track
  to connect mines with nearby rivers
• Horses pulled the early trains
• The first steam powered locomotive, the Rocket,
  began operating in Britain in 1829
• Peter Cooper created the first American steam
  locomotive in 1830 named Tom Thumb
• Tom Thumb raced a horse with a train behind it
• The horse won (Tom Thumbs engine failed)
• But within 10 years steam locomotives were
  pulling trains in the US

11
A Railway Network

• 1840- The US had about 3,000 miles of track
• By 1860- The US had almost 61,000 miles of track
• Mostly in the NORTH and Midwest
• Connected larger cities together
• Railway builders connected these eastern lines to
  lines being built farther west in Ohio, Indiana,
  and Illinois
• By 1860- The railroad track united the Midwest
  and East

12
Moving Goods and People

• The railways transformed trade in the nations
  interior
• No longer did people have to send agricultural
  goods down the Mississippi to market
• Now east-west canal and rail network allowed
  grain, livestock, and dairy
• Products could move directly from the Midwest to
  the East
• Faster and cheaper
• Manufacturers in the East could offer them at
  lower prices
• Fast, affordable train travel brought people into
  Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois and the states
  populations grew
• New towns and industries developed

13
Faster Communication

• Growth of industry and new pace of travel created
  the need for better communication over vast
  distances
• The telegraph filled the need
• Samuel Morse demonstrated his Morse Code and
  sent messages across wires
• Soon telegraph messages were flashed back and
  forth from Washington D.C. to Baltimore
• The Associated Press was created in 1848
• By 1853- There were about 23,000 miles of
  telegraph lines in the US

14
Agriculture

• Agricultural technology allowed farmers to
  greatly increase the size of the harvests they
  produced
• There were few farmers west of Missouri, Iowa,
  and Minnesota
• These areas seemed too difficult to farm
• Settlers worried their wooden plows could not
  break the prairies matted sod
• Plus they thought the soil was not fertile enough

15
Section 1
Why were American farmers reluctant to cultivate
large areas in the Midwest? A. They feared
tornadoes wiping out their crops B. Their
wooden plows could not break through the
prairie sod. C. They did not have access to new
markets in which to sell their harvest D. The
border dispute with Mexico made the Midwest
unstable.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

16
Revolution in Agriculture

• 3 Revolutionary inventions of the 1830s changed
  farming methods and encouraged settlers to move
  west to farm
• 1. John Deeres steel tipped plow in 1837
• 2. The mechanical reaper sped up harvesting of
  wheat
• 3. The thresher quickly separated the grain from
  the stalk

17
McCormicks Reaper

• Cyrus McCormick designed and created the
  mechanical reaper
• Made a fortune manufacturing and selling it
• Before McCormicks Reaper, farmers harvested
  grain with handheld sickles
• With McCormicks Reaper, farmers could harvest
  grain much faster
• Now farmers could plant more wheat and it became
  very profitable
• This ensured raising wheat would remain the main
  economic activity in the Midwestern prairies

18
Farming

• These new machines and railroads allowed farmers
  to devote more acres to cash crops
• Midwestern farmers began growing wheat as a cash
  crop and shipping it to the east
• Farmers in the Northeast and Middle Atlantic
  increased their production of fruits and
  vegetables
• Despite improvements in agriculture, the North
  turned away from farming and toward industry
• New England had rocky soil and industry
  flourished
• The number of people working in factories
  continued to rise

19
Essential Question

• What innovations in industry, travel, and
  communications changed the lives of Americans in
  the 1800s?
• -Industry Division of labor, factories that used
  steam and water powered machines, mass production
• Travel locomotives, steamboats, clipper ships,
  roads, canals, railroad networks
• Communications telegraph

20
Chapter 13 Section 1 Quiz
21
After industrialization, workers tasks changed.

1. True
2. False

22
The sewing machine increased the rate at which
clothing was produced.

1. True
2. False

23
Canals made shipping goods cheaper and faster

1. True
2. False

24
The increased number of canals and railways
slowed down the transportation of agriculture.

1. True
2. False

25
After the invention of revolutionary farming
methods, settlers left the Great Plains area.

1. True
2. False

26
In the 1840s the pride of the open seas were the

1. steam-powered ships.
2. clipper ships.
3. iron-hulled ships.
4. prairie schooners.

27
By 1860 the United States had almost 31,000

1. clipper ships.
2. miles of telegraph lines.
3. canals.
4. miles of railroad tracks.

28
Which invention filled the need for a method of
communication that kept up with the industrial
growth and fast-paced travel?

1. Morse code
2. telegraph
3. steam engine
4. railroads

29
What did John Deere invent in 1837?

1. the telegraph
2. the clipper ship
3. the steel-tipped plow
4. Morse code

30
An invention that ensured that raising wheat
would remain the main economic activity in the
Midwestern prairies was the

1. mechanical reaper.
2. mechanical horse.
3. thresher.
4. steel-tipped plow.

31
Participant Scores
0 Participant 1
0 Participant 2
0 Participant 3
0 Participant 4
0 Participant 5





32
Team Scores
0 Team 1
0 Team 2
0 Team 3
0 Team 4
0 Team 5