The Union in Peril

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Chapter 10

• The Union in Peril

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Differences of the North and South
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Population

• North had 21.5 million
• South had 9 million 4 million being slaves
• 9/10 of the largest cities located in the North

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Railroads

• North had 70 of RR track
• North had 21.7 thousand miles
• South had 9 thousand

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Industry

• North had 110,000 factories
• South had 20,600 factories
• North manufactured more products
• South manufactured few products
• North wanted high tariffs on imports
• South opposed high tariffs
• North had more immigrants to work in factories
• South had slaves to work on plantations

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Government

• North wanted a strong central govt
• South wanted more states rights

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Election on 1848

• Main issue was slavery
• Zachary Taylor Whig
• Lewis Cass Democrat (pro-slavery)
• Martin Van Buren Free Soilers (anti-slavery)
• Taylor won

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Countdown to Secession
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Missouri Compromise 1819

• Passed to maintain the balance between slave and
  free states
• Missouri slave state
• Maine free state
• 36/30 line was created
• Above free
• Below - slave

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MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820
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Compromise of 1850

• California admitted as free state
• Unorganized territory of West admitted as free
  territory
• Territories of New Mexico and Utah opened to
  popular sovereignty

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Fugitive Slave Law

• Part of Compromise of 1850
• Stated that Northerners must return escaped
  slaves
• Very unpopular in North
• Used the Doctrine of Nullification

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ABOLITION MOVEMENT

• HARRIET TUBMAN
• FREDERICK DOUGLASS
• HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
• SOJOURNER TRUTH
• WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

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HARRIET TUBMAN

• 1820-1913
• HERO OF ABOLITION MOVEMENT
• SLAVE WHO ESCAPED TO THE NORTH
• UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
• NETWORK OF PEOPLE WHO HELPED SLAVES ESCAPE TO THE
  NORTH OR CANADA

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MOSES OF HER PEOPLE
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FREDERICK DOUGLAS

• SLAVE
• ESCAPED TO MARYLAND
• SELF-EDUCATED
• MOST PROMINENT BLACK SPEAKER FOR THE ABOLITION OF
  SLAVERY
• Published the North Star antislavery newspaper

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Harriet BEECHER STOWE

• WROTE UNCLE TOMS CABIN 1852
• FICTIONAL ACCOUNT OF THE HORRIBLE TREATMENT OF
  SLAVES
• BOOK SAID TO SPARK CIVIL WAR
• "the little lady who made this big war" LINCOLN
  (1862)

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SOJOURNER TRUTH

• SLAVE
• FREE AFTER N.Y. EMANICIPATED SLAVES IN 1828
• ILLITERATE, YET ELOQUENT SPEAKER
• ABOLITIONIST
• BELIEF
• EQUALITY FOR ALL PEOPLE (COLOR GENDER)

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William Lloyd Garrison

• Abolitionist
• Published the Liberator antislavery newspaper

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Signed by President Pierce
• Allowed territories to decide on slavery by
  popular sovereignty
• Repealed the Missouri Compromise
• Kansas became known as Bleeding Kansas
• Clashes between pro and anti slavery forces
• Two governments were developed in Kansas

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Formation of the Republican Party

• Democrats, Whigs, Free Soilers
• Opposed the extension of slavery

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Sumner-Brooks Affair

• 1856 Sumner gave speech to Congress
• Crime Against Kansas
• Criticized Senator Andrew Butler of South
  Carolina
• Butlers nephew Preston Brooks attack Sumner
• Setback for democracy in our nation

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Dred Scott Decision - 1857

• Dred Scott slave from Missouri
• Sued his owner for freedom
• Lived in Wisconsin Territory for 4 years free
  territory

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Ruling of Dred Scott Case

• 1. No slave or descendant of a slave was a
  citizen according to Constitution
• 2. Since not a citizen, he had no right to bring
  case to a federal court
• 3. Slaves were considered property government
  had to protect property
• 4. 5th Amendment could not deprive anyone of
  property without due process of law

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Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858

• Lincoln Republican
• Douglas Democrat
• Senate seat in Illinois
• Platform slavery
• Douglas Freeport Doctrine
• Lincoln stop spread of slavery

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John Brown Raid - 1859

• Wanted to seize arsenal at Harpers Ferry,
  Virginia
• Brown captured
• Found guilty of treason and hanged
• Northerners saw him as a martyr
• Southerners saw northern sympathy as a threat

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Separation of Democratic Party - 1860

• Split over slavery
• Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty
  in new territories
• Southern Democrats wanted federal protection of
  slavery

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Election of 1860

• Republican Abraham Lincoln
• Northern Dem. Stephen Douglas
• Southern Dem. John Breckinridge
• South Carolina threatened to secede if Lincoln
  won
• Lincoln won
• Division in Democrats hurt their chance

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South Carolina

• Dec. 20, 1860 seceded from the Union

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Feb. 1, 1861

• Six southern states seceded
• Alabama
• Mississippi
• Georgia
• Florida
• Louisiana
• Texas

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CSA

• Met Feb. 4-18,1861
• Drafted constitution
• Jefferson Davis President
• Montgomery - capital

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Crittenden Compromise

• John Crittenden Kentucky
• Restore Missouri Compromise
• Amend Constitution to guarantee the right to own
  slaves

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President Buchanans last message

• Blamed abolitionists for war
• Chose course of inaction until Lincoln took
  office

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4 Reason for inaction

• Violence toward South would lead to a war
• Other compromises needed time
• Republicans could resolve the situation if wished
• Had inadequate military forces to defend federal
  property