Civil War

1
Civil War

• Section 3
• Fighting the War

2
The War in the West

• Confederacy won most battles in the East.
• Union won most battles in the West.
• Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in
  Tennessee. This give the North Control over
  Kentucky and much of Tennessee.

3
Shiloh

• Grant rested his troops near a church called
  Shiloh. Confederate troops surprised Grant's
  soldiers beginning the Battle of Shiloh.
• By the end of the day Union troops get pushed
  back to the Tennessee River.
• New Union troops arrive at night to help. Grant
  counterattacks and the Confederates were out
  numbered.
• Union 13,000 causalities
• Confederacy 10,000 including General Johnston.
• Union wins the battle.

4
New Orleans

• Was the largest city in the South.
• It would allow the Union to cut off supplies to
  Western Confederate forces.
• Confederate forces open fire from gunboats and
  launched bombs.
• Union troops outnumbered the Confederates again.
• April 12 New Orleans was forced to surrender.

5
Eastern CampaignThe Peninsula Campaign

• McClellan trained his men in pride and
  discipline. However he was a cautious man and
  sometimes did not do what the President wanted.
• Peninsula Campaign Take Richmond. Do not march
  directly on the city, McClellan says we need to
  transport more than 100,000 men, 300 canons, and
  25,000 animals by water to the Peninsula between
  the York and James Rivers. Hit Richmond from the
  southeast and it forces the Confederates
  southward to defend Richmond. McClellan
  hesitated.

6
Yorktown and Seven Pines

• Lincoln orders McClellan to attack on Yorktown.
• McClellan does not (said there were too many
  enemy troops).
• The Confederates hold Yorktown until May.
• Battle of Seven Pines May 31, 1862 east of
  Richmond and the South outnumbered again.

7
Seven Days Campaign

• McClellan rest
• Lee attacks
• Lee sends Jeb Stuart to gather information on
  the enemy positions.
• Using the info Lee and Jackson attacked the Union
  army in the 7 days campaign.
• June 25, July 1
• Victory for the South b/c McClellan rested
• Lincoln removes McClellan from command and gives
  it to General John Pope.
• Lee defeats Pope at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run
• McClellan is back in command.

8
A Shift in the War AimsBeginning to move against
Slavery

• Republicans push for legislation that authorized
  African Americans to serve in the military. The
  legislation would also free slaves held by
  Confederate soldiers or by Confederate allies.
  Lincoln signs it.
• Lincoln wanted the slaves to fight for the North
  so they could win.

9
Emancipation Proclamation

• The constitution said nothing about slavery being
  illegal.
• Lincoln wants to issue a new military order.
• All slaves living in areas still rebelling
  against the United States would be free.
• Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln said would only
  apply to the Confederate states.

10
Antietam

• Sept. 4, 1862 Lee crossing the Potomatic River
  into Maryland.
• Union forces lost track of Confederate troops for
  4 days.
• Union soldiers came upon Lee's battle plans
  wrapped around a discarded pack of cigars.
• McClellan planned a counterattack
• McClellan met Lee at Antietam Creek in Maryland.
  Union out numbered the North by 20,000 plus.

11
Antietam

• The Battle raged all day, becoming the bloodiest
  single-day battle in all of U.S. Military
  history.
• 25,000 deaths in all
• Lincoln fired McClellan because he allowed the
  Confederate troops to escape into VA.
• Lee could be defeated.
• No European countries will help the South
• Lincoln moves forward with the Emancipation
  Proclamation.

12
African Americans Take up Arms

• Many African Americans recruited by the Union
  Army served in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry.
• Led the charge at Fort Wagner.
• The 54th clawed their way to the top of Fort
  Wagner's sloping walls. Almost 2 months later the
  Confederates evacuated the fort.
• African American soldiers earned half the pay of
  white soldiers.
• White officers are in charge of the black
  officers.
• Martin Delany became the first African American
  promoted to the rank of major in 1865.
• 180,000 African Americans served in the Union
  Army
• 32,000 gave their lives
• More than 20 African Americans earned the
  Congressional Medal of Honor.

13
New Union Commanders

• Ambrose E. Burnside takes command of the Union
  Army after the defeat of Antietam
• Burnside sends some 114,000 troops to
  Fredericksburg, VA.
• Due to very bad maneuvering of the Union troops
  the South wins.
• One northerner stated, great slaughter pen.

14
Chancellorsville

• Lincoln transfers Burnside and places General
  Joseph Fighting Joe Hooker in charge of the
  Eastern Forces.
• Hookers troops double the size of the Confederate
  Army.
• Lee and Jackson attack the Union troops from both
  sides.After several days of fighting Hooker
  withdrew in defeat.
• South suffers

15
Section 3 Review

• Answer Review Questions and Complete the
  Vocabulary Terms and People we covered today.

16
Section 4

• The Final Phase

17
Gettysburg

• Lee wants to invade the North.
• Lee needed to seize the enemy to obtain supplies
  and food.
• Hooker like McClellan did not attack when Lincoln
  wanted him to so Lincoln fired Hooker and hired
  General George Meade.
• A supply of shoes came in at Gettysburg. The
  South was going to raid the shoes however the
  North had set up two positions on Gettysburg.
  The South went to raid shoes and met the fires of
  the Union Army.

18
Gettysburg

• 1st day of battle Confederates push the Union
  back to Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge.
• North held the higher ground which was bad for
  the South.
• Lee decided to attack first.
• Lee ordered George Pickett and his 15,000 troops
  to rush the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. Only
  half the Confederate soldiers survived Pickett's
  Charge.

19
Pickett's Charge

• Confederate lieutenant G.W. Finley later wrote,
  Men were falling all around us, and cannon and
  muskets were raining death upon us.
• Pickett did not have enough men for a 2nd attack,
  Meade could not counterattack due to the bad
  weather, giving Lee a chance to retreat and go
  back to VA.

20
Gettysburg

• 3 days of fighting
• Union 23,000
• Confederate 20,000
• Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address to dedicate
  the cemetery to the fallen soldiers.
• Union wins at Gettysburg
• Union army proves they can beat the South for
  good.

21
Lincoln finds his General

• Vicksburg
• Grant says he has to take Vicksburg in order to
  stop the Confederates.
• 6 weeks Grant and his men laid siege to the town.
• Siege of Vicksburg city defenders began eating
  mules and rats to keep from starving.
• Confederates want to surrender.
• Confederates surrender causing another fort at
  Port Hudson to fall.
• The Union has TOTAL control of the Mississippi
  River.

22
Summer of 1864

• Grant informs Lincoln he will march on Richmond
  and take his losses and press on.
• Grant planned a war of attrition that is to
  continue fighting until the South ran out of men,
  supplies, and will.
• 122,000 Union troops fight against 66,000
  Confederate men for 2 days. A lost of 28,000 men.
• Grant keeps pushing forcing Lee to keep his men
  in the field.

23
Summer of 1864

• After 3 more days of fighting Grant was getting
  discouraged that the south was not giving up.
• Since May 12th (its now June) Grant had lost
  60,000 men.
• Grant rested in Petersburg.
• Lee's army steadily dwindled, and few reserves
  remained.

24
Sherman's March to the Sea

• Sherman and Grant are a perfect match.
• Moody, ambitious, and brilliant.
• Commander of the Tennessee Army
• Destroy southern railroads and industries.
• 100,000 troops march toward Georgia.
• Out maneuvered General Johnston's
• Atlanta fell on September 2, 1864 Confederate's
  lost their last railroad tracks across the
  Appalachian Mountains.

25
Sherman's March to the Sea

• Ordered residents to evacuate
• Sherman's men set fire to large portions of the
  city.
• Sherman, If Southerners raise a howl against my
  barbarity and cruelty, I will answer that war is
  war, and not popularity-seeking. If they want
  peace, they and their relatives must stop the
  war.

26
Sherman's March to the Sea

• The fall of Georgia boosted Lincoln's re-election
  campaign.
• Sherman's success renewed hope that the conflict
  would soon end.
• Lincoln won the election of 1864
• Sherman took all supplies that would help him and
  his men and destroyed the rest.
• Uprooted crops, burned farmhouses, slaughtered
  livestock, and tore up railroad tracks.
• Sherman was fighting a total war.

27
Sherman's March

• Sherman must make old and young, rich and poor,
  feel the hard hand of war.....we can not change
  the hearts of THOSE people of the South.
• In December Sherman and his troops head North to
  resupply and help Grant and his troops.

28
Surrender at Appomattox

• Grants troops battered Richmond.
• Lee withdrew from Richmond.
• Union troops poured into the Confederate capital.
• Lee's army is half the size of Grants.
• Lee flees westward.
• Lee ask for terms of surrender because he has
  lost too many men and they have NO food.

29
Surrender at Appomattox

• April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant met in a house in VA
  called Appomattox Court House.
• Terms of surrender were simple Confederate
  officers keep their side arms, All soldiers would
  be fed and allowed to keep their horses and
  mules. None would be tried for treason.
• As Lee rode off on his horse the Union troops
  started to cheer but out of respect Grant
  silenced them. Grant stated, The War is over.
  The rebels are our countrymen again.

30
Lee's statement to his troops

• I have done for you all that is was in my power
  to do. You have done all your duty. Leave the
  result to God. Go to your homes and resume your
  occupations. Obey the laws and become as good
  citizens as you were soldiers.

31
The End of the Civil War

• General Johnston surrenders to Sherman and on
  April 26, 1985 the war is over.

32
Review Questions

• Answer Section 4 Review Questions

33
Review

• How did General Grant's terms of surrender
  promote reconciliation between the North and the
  South?