THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

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THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

• Lesson Aim
• To discover how and why Parliament defeated the
  King.

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The Civil War
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The Civil War

• On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his standard
  at Nottingham, signalling the start of the Civil
  War.

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The Civil War

• On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his standard
  at Nottingham, signalling the start of the Civil
  War.
• Ordinary people throughout the country now had to
  choose which side they were on their King or
  their Parliament.

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The Civil War

• Often the choice divided families two brothers
  could join different armies, or fathers might
  fight against their sons.

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The Civil War

• Often the choice divided families two brothers
  could join different armies, or fathers might
  fight against their sons.
• However, in many cases, people simply joined the
  army that reached their city or town first.

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For the King!

• The King had support from the nobles and gentry.

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For the King!

• The King had support from the nobles and gentry.
• He also had support in Ireland, Wales, and in the
  North and West of England.

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For Parliament!

• The Puritans fought on Parliaments side.
• Parliament also had support from the richer areas
  of the country in South and Eastern England.

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Why did Parliament win?
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Why did Parliament win?

• Although the whole country was at war, there were
  not very many important battles.

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Why did Parliament win?

• Although the whole country was at war, there were
  not very many important battles.
• Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were either
  a draw or were won by the Royalists.

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Why did Parliament win?

• Although the whole country was at war, there were
  not very many important battles.
• Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were either
  a draw or were won by the Royalists.
• But in 1644 and 1645, most battles were won by
  the Parliamentarians.

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Why did Parliament win?

• Why did Parliament start doing so well?

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Cromwell and the New Model Army
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Cromwell and the New Model Army

• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP
  called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliaments
  Army.

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Cromwell and the New Model Army

• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP
  called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliaments
  Army.
• This new army was called the New Model Army.

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Cromwell and the New Model Army

• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP
  called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliaments
  Army.
• This new army was called the New Model Army.
• It was commanded by Thomas Fairfax and Oliver
  Cromwell.

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Cromwell and the New Model Army

• The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly
  paid, provided with a uniform, and properly
  trained to fight.

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Cromwell and the New Model Army

• The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly
  paid, provided with a uniform, and properly
  trained to fight.
• This was a totally new idea at the time!

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Cromwell and the New Model Army

• The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly
  paid, provided with a uniform, and properly
  trained to fight.
• This was a totally new idea at the time!
• The New Model Army with its well-trained soldiers
  finally defeated Charles at the Battle of Naseby
  in 1645.

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BIG QUESTION FOR PARLIAMENT

• What should they do with the King?

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Your Task

• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil
  War.

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Your Task

• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil
  War.
• You are a member of Cromwells New Model Army,
  and are feeling happy and victorious.

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Your Task

• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil
  War.
• You are a member of Cromwells New Model Army,
  and are feeling happy and victorious.
• Write a diary entry explaining the following

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Your Task

• Who supported the King,
• Who supported Parliament,
• When the war began,
• Cromwell and The New Model Army,
• How Parliament won.