SOVEREIGNTY AND THE CIVIL WAR

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SOVEREIGNTY AND THE CIVIL WAR
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DIVIDED SOVEREIGNTY

• Early views
• Divine right of kings
• Locke--consent of governed

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DIVIDED SOVEREIGNTY

• U.S. Constitution
• Within the national government
• Checks and balances
• Between levels of government
• Federal, state, and local
• Tenth Amendment
• An on-going debate

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SLAVERY

• Origins
• Labor shortages
• indentured servants
• The Constitutional debate
• Becoming less important
• Morally offensive
• Constitutional compromises
• The cotton gin
• How could anyone have justified slavery?

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Justification

• Racial differences
• Religion
• Making the best of a bad situation

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Attempts at Compromise

• Problem Slavery in Western Territories
• Compromise of 1850
• California free
• Texas slave
• New Mexico and Utah to decide later
• South--at statehood
• North--anytime

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Failure of Compromise

• Constitution no help
• Not for sectional controversies
• Supreme court no help
• Dred Scott case (1857)
• Lived in Illinois Wisconsin Territory
• Issues
• Was he a citizen?
• Did residency make him free
• Decision
• Political process no help
• Violence in Kansas
• Sectionalism

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CIVIL WAR

• Succession
• South Carolina 1st
• Six others follow
• Four more after war starts
• Four slave states remain with Union
• Fort Sumter (1861)

• Lincoln elected (1860)
• Minority of votes

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Civil War (cont)

• Advantages
• North--resources
• South--location and motivation

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Civil War (cont)
Civil War (cont)

• Deaths
• Revolutionary War 4,400
• War of 1812 2,300
• Civil War 560,000
• WWI 116,000
• WWII 407,000
• Korean 39,400
• Vietnam 58,000

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EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

• Lincolns proposed solution (1862)
• Assist states which free slaves
• Colonize in Central America
• Proclamation (1863)
• Slaves freed only in areas in rebellion
• Not freed in states under union control

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CONSEQUENCES OF CIVIL WAR

• A civil ending
• 13th Amendment--slavery abolished
• 14th Amendment
• Bill of Rights applies to the states
• Equal protection under law
• Citizenship for all
• 15th Amendment--voting and race

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CONSEQUENCES OF CIVIL WAR

• Federal government supreme

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THE ONGOING DEBATES

• Federal government vs. states rights
• Reparations for descendents of slaves