Air Pollution

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Air Pollution
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I Breathe What?
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Chemicals
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Exhaust
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Pollen
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Dirt
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Dust Storms
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Can Dirt in the Air be a Good Thing?
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Facts About Breathing

• You breath about 26,000 times a day (16-18
  breaths per minute)
• That is about 150 full bathtubs of air
• We breath in over a billion small particles a day
  (1,000,000,000)
• The average house collects about 2 pounds of dust
  a week

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How does your body filter out the particles?
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Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the
nose
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Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air.
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Sneezing
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Coughing
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Pollutants accumulate in the air.

• Pollution is any undesirable factor added to the
  air, water, or soil.
• Smog is one type of air pollution.
• sunlight interacts with pollutants in the air
• pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions
• made of particulates and ground-level ozone

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Examples of Smog
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Primary Secondary Pollutants

• Primaryput directly into the air by human
  activity (soot from smoke).
• Secondarywhen a primary pollutant comes in
  contact with other primary pollutants or with
  naturally occurring substances such as water
  vapor and a chemical reaction takes place (ground
  level ozone).

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Ground-level Ozone

• Emission from cars, trucks, and natural sources
  react with ultraviolet rays of the sun and then
  mix with the oxygen in the atmosphere.

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How does Ozone Layer differ?

• The ozone layer shield the Earth from ultraviolet
  radiation.
• Ozone near the Earths surface forms from the
  combination of pollutants, heat and sunlight. It
  may harm human and wildlife health.

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Primary Air Pollutants

• Carbon Monoxide (CO)cars
• Nitrogen Oxide (NO)burning fossil fuels
• Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)burning fossil fuels
• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-comes from
  buring fuels.
• Particulate matter (PM)comes from construction,
  agriculture, fires.

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2009 Air Quality of Goddard/Wichita

• CO emissions 90-100
• NO emissions 90-100
• SO2 emissions 80-90
• Air Quality index 50-60
• Ozone 1-hr concentration 30
• Days in exceedence of national air quality
  standards for ozone 40

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What are the risks?

• Kansas is ranked nationally as second lowest20
  of USA
• But in Kansas, Sedgwick Co is ranked dirtiest
  county in CO, NO and SO2
• Sedgwick County is ranked 5th in the state for
  added risk for cancer (1 in 10,000) from
  Hazardous Air Pollution (HAP)

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Air Quality Index for KS

• Air Quality Index
• Percentage of days with good air quality 83
• Percentage of days with moderate air quality 16
• Percentage of days with unhealthful air quality
  for sensitive populations 1
• Percentage of days with unhealthful air quality
  0

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Motor Vehicle Emissions

• Clean Air Act 1970
• gives the EPA
• the authority
• to regulate
• vehicle emissions
• in the USA

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Industrial Air Pollution

• Clean Air Act requires many industries to use
  scrubbers to remove more harmful substances that
  would otherwise pollute the air.

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Temperature Inversion

• Trapped pollution near the surface when air
  temperatures decrease with height but the air
  above is warmer than the air below.

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Grand Canyon Temp Inversion
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Indoor Air Pollution

• Sick Building Syndromepoor air quality
• Sources
• Household cleaners
• Air fresheners
• Faulty furnace
• Radon 222
• Dirty air ducts
• Formaldehyde from furniture, carpeting,
  particleboard and foam insulation
• Tobacco smoke

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Radon Gas

• Radon is a cancer-causing natural radioactive gas
  that you cant see, smell or taste.  Its presence
  in your home can pose a danger to your family's
  health. 
• Radon is the leading cause of lung cancer among
  non-smokers. 
• Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer
  in America and claims about 20,000 lives
  annually. 

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RADON GETS IN THROUGH

• Cracks in solid floors
• Construction joints
• Cracks in walls
• Gaps in suspended floors
• Gaps around service pipes
• Cavities inside walls
• The water supply

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Asbestos

• Asbestos is the name given to a number of
  naturally occurring, fibrous silicate minerals
  mined for their useful properties such as thermal
  insulation, chemical and thermal stability, and
  high tensile strength.
• Asbestos is commonly used as an acoustic
  insulator, and in thermal insulation, fire
  proofing and other building materials. Many
  products in use today contain asbestos.

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Noise Pollution
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ISSUES

• TRAFFIC NOISE
• Road Traffic
• Major concern in our country.
• Increasing vehicle population
• Planners lack of concern at the time of planning
  for residential areas and other use zones
  vis-à-vis roads
• Lack of driving discipline
• Indiscriminate use of horns.
• Air Traffic
• Air traffic is increasing at the rate of about
  25 in our country and is expected to cause major
  concern of noise pollution in coming years.
• Rail Traffic
• Is of concern where trains passes by residential
  and other sensitive areas.

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ISSUES

• LOUD SPEAKERS / PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
• Use of loud speakers / public address systems in
  functions, meetings, religious places in open
  areas is a source of serious nuisance.
• FIRECRACKERS
• Use of firecrackers with high noise level may
  harm the human hearing system. specially
  sensitive are small children.
• CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
• Noise from construction of roads, buildings etc.
  near residential and silence zones needs to be
  controlled by effective starategies.

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• The sound tube in Melbourne, Australia, designed
  to reduce roadway noise without detracting from
  the area's aesthetics.

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People continuously exposed to noise experience

• elevated stress levels
• mood swings
• hypertension, depression
• lost sleep and productivity.
• In children, it results in slowed learning.

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Light Pollution

• Any adverse effect of artificial light including
  sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter,
  decreased visibility at night, and energy waste

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Light Pollution

• obscures the stars in the night sky for city
  dwellers
• interferes with astronomical observatories
• like any other form of pollution, disrupts
  ecosystems and has adverse health effects.
• Light pollution can be divided into two main
  types
• annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise
  natural or low-light setting
• excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to
  discomfort and adverse health effects.
• Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement
  has
• emerged, with concerned people campaigning to
  reduce
• the amount of light pollution.

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Light Pollution

• Biggest problem is inefficient lighting is energy
  waste
• Billboards
• Exterior lighting of buildings
• Poor street lights