Air Pollution

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Air Pollution

• Pollutants and its effects

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Air Pollution

The chemical air which came from automobiles,
trucks, jets, and trains. Fuel combustion at
stationary sources include most power plants and
factories. Industrial processes such as in
smelters, petroleum refineries, paper mills and
synthetic rubber manufacturing.
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Six Air Pollutants

• Particulate Matter
• Ozone
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Oxide of Nitrogen
• Carbon Monoxide
• Lead and Heavy Metals

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The Health effects of these Pollutants

• The possible mechanism of lung disease related to
  air pollutants is that small particles penetrate
  the Alveolar Epithelium and cause lung
  inflammation .If an individual already has
  damaged lungs or lung disease then increased
  inflammation as a result of air pollution will
  worsen their condition. Air Pollution can also
  cause people to have heart attack .Two potential
  mechanisms by which it does this have been
  proposed
• Lung inflammation can lead to the macrophages
  that cause in the clotting mechanisms of the
  blood.
• A neural reflex maybe initiated effects of air
  pollutants in the lung leading to changes in the
  heart rhythm and rate.

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Health Effects of these Air Pollutants

• Polluted air contains one, or more,
  hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant
  that creates a hazard to general health. It is
  usually measured in terms of "particulate
  matter", or, the number of particles of these
  potentially hazardous substances as a percentage
  of air. According to the National Resources
  Defense Council, some 64,000 people in the USA
  may be dying prematurely each year from
  cardiopulmonary causes linked to air pollution.
  This link was made when the National Resources
  Defense Council applied findings from a 1995
  study by the American Cancer Society and the
  Harvard Medical School. Air pollution from
  coal-fired power plants accounts for about 30,000
  premature deaths in the USA each year. It is
  estimated that in the most polluted cities, lives
  are shortened by an average of one to two years.

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Environmental Effects of Air Pollution

• The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon
  whereby greenhouse gases, create a condition in
  the upper atmosphere causing a trapping of heat
  and leading to increased surface and lower
  tropospheric temperatures. It shares this
  property with many other gases, the largest
  overall forcing on Earth coming from water
  vapour. Other greenhouse gases include methane,
  hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons,
  chlorofluorocarbons, NOx, and ozone. Many
  greenhouse gases, contain carbon, and some of
  that from fossil fuels.

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• This effect has been understood by
  scientists for about a century, and technological
  advancements during this period have helped
  increase the breadth and depth of data relating
  to the phenomenon. Currently, scientists are
  studying the role of changes in composition of
  greenhouse gases from natural and anthropogenic
  sources for the effect on climate change. Global
  warming is the increase in the average
  temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and
  oceans in recent decades and its projected
  continuation.

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• Flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
• is the current state-of-the art technology used
  for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the
  exhaust flue gases in power plants that burn coal
  or oil to produce steam for the steam turbines
  that drive their electricity generators.
• Sulfur dioxide
• is responsible for acid rain formation. Tall
  flue gas stacks disperse the emissions by
  diluting the pollutants in ambient air and
  transporting them to other regions.

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• is rain or any other form of precipitation
  which is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects
  on plants, aquatic animals and buildings. Acid
  rain is mostly caused by human emissions of
  sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the
  atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years,
  many governments have introduced laws to reduce
  these emissions.

Acid Rain
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Gaseous Characteristics of Air Pollutants

• Particulate matter includes a wide range
  of pollutants road dust, diesel soot, fly ash,
  wood smoke, nitrates in fertilizes, sulfate
  aerosols, lead, arsenic, etc. The principal
  source of such particle emission is the
  combustion of fossil fuels such as coal,
  gasoline, and wood. Air pollution from coal
  burning in  electric utilities is a dominant
  cause of smog, deadly soot, global warming,
  pollution in our National Parks, toxic
  contamination of fish and polluted estuaries.

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• OZONE
• is a colorless gas at room Temp. it has a very
  pungent odor similar to that of a garlic. it is
  heaver than oxygen and more soluble in water. it
  is powerful oxidizing agent. It is irritating to
  the mucus membrane and it is quite toxic to the
  body except in extremely drying of varnishes and
  inks, and in the treatment of water.

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• is released into the air during the combustion
  of fossil fuels. Sulfur dioxide has been used as
  a preservative. It s extremely harmful to the
  health of human and aquatic creatures.

SULFUR DIOXIDE
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• are formed in the exhaust of automobiles and
  planes. This compounds are detrimental to human
  health, they pose no threat to the ozone layer
  sphere. This is one reason the use of supersonic
  planes has not been greatly expanded.

OXIDE OF NITROGEN
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• CARBON MONOXIDE
• long known as a poisonous gas because of its
  affinity for hemoglobin which forms such a strong
  bond with the gas that the blood is unable to
  carry sufficient oxygen to the tissues. It can
  also act as a neurotransmitter in the brain. It
  is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas.

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METALS

• hard, dense, solid (except mercury), strong,
  shiny and can be polished, malleable and ductile,
  sonorous, can conduct heat and electricity,
  usually have high melting points, have high
  tensile strengths, and have high densities.

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• LEAD
• is in the air because gasoline usually contains
  lead additives to make it burn smoothly. The
  effects of lead poisoning include appetite loss
  which may progress to vomiting, constipation,
  seizures and finally coma.

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The one person do to reduce Air Pollution

• In order to minimize air pollution the people
  should provide anti-pollution control service. In
  order the quality of air . The following steps
  can be undertaken
• Burn only coal and oil with low-sulfur content in
  industrial factories and power plants.
• Vehicles must be equipped with catalytic
  converters which turn pollutants into harmless
  substances.

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• Closer monitory procedures in highly congested
  communities are necessary to minimize air
  pollution.
• All laws and regulations to prevent and control
  air pollution must be strictly enforced.

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MEMBERS

• ALIGNO,JESSA LIEGH
• DIAMBRANG,DAINALYN
• MACABUGTO,SHEILA
• PANGCOGA,WARDA
• VILLAGONZALO,JOSEPHINE

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REFERENCES

• http//www.lenntech.com/FAQ-air-pollution.htm
• http//.google.com/scholar?airpollutiongbv.
• http//yahoo.com,csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?
• J.A,DEAN,ChemistryHandbook.manufactoring
  process,California.