Air Pollution

1
Air Pollution
2

• The depletion of ozone over Antarctica is
  greatest during
• A. August through November
• B. December through February
• C. February through May
• D. June through August
• E. the ozone hole is consistent in size
  throughout the year

3

• The compound that is the leading cause of ozone
  depletion is
• A. CO
• B. CO2
• C. CFCs
• D. NOX
• E. VOCs

4

• The agreement that allowed for a reduction, and
  eventual elimination, of CFC production and use
  is
• A. The Montreal Protocol
• B. The Quebec Protocol
• C. The Kyoto Protocol
• D. The Clean Skies Initiative
• E. The Clean Air Act

5

• The hole in the ozone
• layer is
• A. greatest over the South Pole
• B. greatest over the southern hemisphere
• C. greatest over the Pacific Ocean
• D. greatest over the Atlantic Ocean
• E. consistent around the globe

6

• Ozone which contributes to the formation of smog
  is found in the
• A. troposphere.
• B. thermosphere.
• C. mesosphere.
• D. stratosphere.
• E. mesopause.

7

• Which of the following is correct with regard to
  the effects of CFCs on ozone production?
• A. UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which
  breaks down ozone.
• B. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom,
  which breaks down ozone.
• C. UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, which
  breaks down ozone.
• D. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom,
  which breaks down ozone.
• E. UV radiation frees a carbon atom, which breaks
  down ozone.

8

• Which region shown
• on the maps appears
• to have the worst air
• quality?
• A. northern Nevada
• B. southern Nevada
• C. northern California
• D. central California
• E. Arizona

9

• A lichen is a mutualistic relationship between
• A. an alga and a fungus.
• B. a dinoflagellate and a coral.
• C. a coral and a fungus.
• D. a coral and an alga.
• E. a sea anemone and a clown fish.

10

• Of the following strategies to reduce emissions
  of pollutants from stationary sources, the one
  which is least likely to help over the long run
  is
• A. burning low-sulfur coal.
• B. removing sulfur from coal.
• C. dispersing pollutants above the thermal
  inversion layer.
• D. shifting to less polluting fuels.
• E. convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel.

11

• Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are
  most likely to be caused by
• A. formaldehyde.
• B. cigarette smoke.
• C. particulate matter.
• D. asbestos.
• E. chloroform.

12

• Haze in the Amazon basin would most likely come
  from
• A. slash and burn methodologies used to remove
  trees
• B. microbial action in the river sediments
• C. trade winds moving sea spray inland
• D. cattle overgrazing the river basin
• E. indigenous peoples life styles

13

• The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere
  from innermost to outermost is
• A. mesosphere ? stratosphere ? thermosphere ?
  troposphere.
• B. troposphere?stratosphere ? mesosphere ?
  thermosphere.
• C. stratosphere ? thermosphere ? troposphere ?
  mesosphere.
• D. thermosphere ? stratosphere ? mesosphere ?
  troposphere.
• E. thermosphere?mesosphere ? stratosphere ?
  troposphere.

14

• A thermal inversion, which can lead to serious
  pollution events, occurs when
• A. warm air that normally rises, does so taking
  the pollutants with it
• B. warm air that normally rises stays close to
  the surface holding pollutants close to the
  surface
• C. cool air that normally rises, does so taking
  the pollutants with it
• D. cool air stays close to the surface but
  pollutants rise into the atmosphere
• E. cool air stays close to the surface and is
  blanketed by a layer of warm air that traps
  pollutants

15

• What do all volatile organic compounds have in
  common?
• A. all are carbon based
• B. all are produced from man made sources
• C. all are emitted for processing and/or burning
  fossil fuels
• D. all are colorless, odorless reactive gases
• E. all are naturally occurring colorless and
  odorless gases found in rocks and vegetation

16

• Gray-air smog comes from suspended particles of
• A. carbon dioxide.
• B. ammonium salts.
• C. particulate matter or soot.
• D. carbonic acid.
• E. ozone.

17

• Which is of the following would be likely to
  increase outdoor air pollution?
• A. Wide open landscapes transport pollutants.
• B. Hills and valleys increase the flow of air in
  valleys
• C. Higher temperatures decrease chemical
  reactions leading to more photochemical smog
  formation.
• D. FOC emissions from certain trees and plants
  can play a large role in creating photochemical
  smog.
• E. Temperature inversions can help to disperse
  pollutants.

18

• Which of the following ranges correctly describes
  the pH of acid deposition?
• A. pH lt 5.6
• B. 7 gt pH gt 5.6
• C. 7 lt pH gt 5.6
• D. pH lt 8.6
• E. 7 lt pH lt 8.6

19

• Specific reasons for sick building syndrome as
  identified by the EPA include all of the
  following except
• A. copy machines
• B. mold and pollen
• C. VOCs from carpet and furniture
• D. faulty ventilation
• E. CFCs

20

• Furniture stuffing, paneling, particle board, and
  foam insulation may be sources of
• A. chloroform.
• B. formaldehyde.
• C. carbon monoxide.
• D. asbestos.
• E. sulfur dioxide.

21

• The troposphere differs from the stratosphere in
  that it has
• A. 1,000 times less oxygen by volume.
• B. 1,000 times more ozone by volume.
• C. 1,000 times less ozone by volume.
• D. 1,000 times more nitrogen.
• E. 1,000 times less moisture by volume.

22

• National ambient air quality standards
• A. have been established for almost 100 air
  pollutants.
• B. must be met by 50 major U.S. metropolitan
  areas that are responsible for implementation
  plans.
• C. are established by Congress.
• D. specify the maximum allowable level, averaged
  over a specific time period, for a certain
  outdoor air pollutant.
• E. specify the minimum allowable level, averaged
  over a specific time period, for a certain
  outdoor air pollutant.

23

• Of the following motor vehicle fuels, the
  greatest polluter is
• A. gasoline.
• B. hydrogen gas.
• C. alcohol.
• D. natural gas.
• E. battery.

24

• If the earth were an apple, the lower layer of
  the atmosphere would be the thickness of
• A. the core.
• B. the part of the apple we eat.
• C. the skin.
• D. the whole apple.
• E. A seed.

25

• Which of the following strategies would help
  protect the atmosphere?
• A. Use a city-by-city rather than regional
  approach to air quality control.
• B. Shift from renewable to more efficient
  nonrenewable energy resources.
• C. Integrate air pollution, water pollution,
  energy, land-use, and population regulation
  policies.
• D. Exclude social costs of air pollution from
  pricing strategies.
• E. Decrease use of renewable energy.

26

• Most of earth's weather occurs in the
• A. troposphere.
• B. thermosphere.
• C. mesosphere.
• D. stratosphere.
• E. tropopause.

27

• Which of the following statements
• about California air quality on
• Aug. 25, 2010, is correct?
• A. Every California city shown on
• the map had an unhealthy AQI at
• some point on that day.
• B. In the early morning, most of
• California had an unhealthy AQI.
• C. Most of the state never reached
• a Moderate AQI on that day.
• D. The air quality between
• Sacramento and Los Angeles
• became much worse over the
• course of the day.
• E. Air quality appears to be worst
• along the coast of the state.

28

• The atmospheric layer containing 75 of the mass
  of earth's air is the
• A. thermosphere.
• B. mesosphere.
• C. stratosphere.
• D. troposphere.
• E. tropopause.

29

• There is evidence that humans are ____ ozone in
  the troposphere and ____ ozone in the
  stratosphere.
• A. increasing. . . increasing
• B. increasing. . . decreasing
• C. decreasing. . . decreasing
• D. decreasing. . . increasing
• E. decreasing . . . steady

30

• Human health depends on having
• A. low amounts of ozone in the troposphere and
  stratosphere.
• B. enough ozone in the stratosphere and little
  ozone in the troposphere.
• C. high amounts of ozone in the troposphere and
  low amounts in the stratosphere.
• D. high amounts of ozone in the stratosphere.
• E. high amounts of ozone in the troposphere.

31

• You are enjoying a sunny day in Los Angeles. In
  late afternoon, your respiratory tract becomes
  irritated. Of the following substances, the one
  least likely to be causing your problem is
• A. PANS
• B. aldehydes.
• C. ozone.
• D. carbon dioxide.
• E. carbon monoxide.

32

• The ozone layer is
• approximately ____
• over Antarctica than
• it is over the
• surrounding areas.
• A. 3 times as concentrated
• B. 2 times as concentrated
• C. 4/5 as concentrated
• D. 1/2 as concentrated
• E. 1/10 as concentrated

33

• You send up a weather balloon that monitors
  temperature changes in the atmosphere. Initially,
  the temperature drops as the balloon rises.
  Suddenly, there is a reversal and the temperature
  starts to rise. This boundary would be the
• A. the tropopause.
• B. the stratopause.
• C. the minipause.
• D. the mesopause.
• E. the thermopause.