Kingdom Protista

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Kingdom Protista
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Kingdom Protista

• Very diverse group of organisms
• Hard to classify
• Some are heterotrophs
• Some are autotrophs
• Most unicellular, some multicellular
• ALL are EUKARYOTES
• Have a nucleus
• Have membrane bound organelles

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Kingdom Protista

• There are three main groups
• Animal-like ( Protozoa)
• Plant-like ( Algae)
• Fungus-like

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Animal-like Protists

• Unicellular heterotrophs
• Are classified by the way they move
• Sarcodines ( rhizopods)
• Ciliates
• Zooflagellates
• Sporozoans

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Zooflagellates

• Move with flagellawhiplike structures

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Zooflagellates

• 1, 2, or many flagella
• Absorb food or can be parasites
• Reproduce asexually by binary fission

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Zooflagellates

• Trypanosoma
• causes African sleeping sickness
• carried by the tsetse fly

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Zooflagellates

• Trychonympha( mutualistic) and lives in the guts
  of termites and helps them digest wood

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Sarcodines

• Move with pseudopodia
• Pseudopodia means false feet and are
  extensions of the cytoplasm
• Movement is called amoeboid movement
• Can also be used in phagocytosis( getting food)
• Reproduce by binary fission

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Sarcodines

• Amoeba
• Radiolarians

• Heliozoans

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Ciliates

• Move by ciliatiny hairlike projections off the
  cell membrane
• Cilia can also be used for feeding
• Can be found in fresh and salt water
• Can have two nuclei
• Contractile vacuolehelp pump extra water
  outremember osmotic balance???

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Ciliates

• Paramecium

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Ciliates

• Stentor

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Sporozoans

• Not able to move( no movement )
• Are parasitic
• Reproduce by producing spores
• spores are haploid reproductive cells

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Sporozoans

• Plasmodium
• Transmitted by mosquitoes
• Causes the disease Malaria

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Plant-like Protists

• Also called Algae
• Classified by color and structure
• Are autotrophs
• Most unicellular, some multicellular

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Euglenophyta

• Common name euglenoids
• Pigments chlorophyll ( green )
• Unicellular
• Have eyespot and pellicle
• Autotroph most of the time, can be a heterotroph
• Moves with a flagella

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Euglena
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Pyrrophyta

• Common namedinoflagellates
• Fire Algae
• Unicellular
• Can live in fresh and marine water
• Are bioluminescent
• Some cause algal blooms and red tide

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Pyrrophyta

• Gymnodinium can cause red tide
• The algae release toxins that poison and kill
  fish and shell fish and is a problem for the
  enviroment.

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Chrysophyta

• Common name golden algae
• Pigmentsyellow-green to golden brown
• Unicellular
• Cell walls made of pectin

• Asterionella

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Bacillariophyta

• Common nameDiatoms
• Unicellular
• Cells walls made of silicacan be used to make
  toothpaste and cosmetics
• Two cell walls fit together ( like a petri dish)

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Rhodophyta

• Common name red algae
• Pigmentsphycobilins, chlorophyll a
• Multicellular
• Used to make agarused in ice creams and puddings
  as a thickener

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Rhodophyta

• Coralline Algae

• Irish Moss

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Phaeophyta

• Common name brown algae
• Pigmentsfucoxanthin, chlorophyll a c
• Multicellular
• Largest and most complex of all algae
• Usesiodine, food, and algin ( in some food
  products )

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Phaeophyta

• Fucus

• Lamanaria

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Phaeophyta

• Rockweed

• Sargassum

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Chlorophyta

• Common name green algae
• Pigmentschlorophyll a b
• Multicellular
• Has cellulose in cell walls
• Can live in fresh or salt water
• Believed to be the ancestors of the Plant Kingdom

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Chlorophyta

• Volvox
• Ulva( sea lettuce)

• Spirogyra
• Chlamydomonas

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Fungus-like Protists

• Heterotrophic
• Decomposers
• Two types
• Slime Molds
• Water and Downy Molds