Unit 8: The Jackson Era

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• Unit 8 The Jackson Era
• Chp. 11 pp.332-351

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Chp. 11 Review Notes

• Election of 1824
• 4 candidates
• William H. Crawford (GA) Republican Party
  nomination
• limited federal govt strong states
• defend slavery
• Andrew Jackson (TN) Republican
• hero of War of 1812
• represented common man
• Henry Clay (KY) Republican
• Speaker of the House of Representatives
• favored high tariffs, internal improvements
  strong national bank
• John Quincy Adams (MA) Republican
• support northeast merchants (wealthy) and govt
  help to shift from agriculture to manufacturing
  economy

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Chp. 11 Review Notes

• Outcomes
• Jackson won popular vote
• No candidate had majority of electoral votes
  (12th Amend goes to House of Reps)
• Clay/Adams rumor deal to get Adams elected
• Clay Speaker of the House of Reps use his
  position to sway votes in the House to Adams in
  return for position as Sect. of State.
• President John Quincy Adams
• Henry Clay appointed Sect. of State
• rumors hurt Adamss presidency
• Tariff of 1828 most important law passed by
  Adams
• Highest tariff ever passed
• Outraged southerners tariff protected northern
  industry

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Chp. 11 Review Notes

• Democratic Party
• Formed by Jackson
• 1824-1828 worked to get Jackson elected
• Election of 1828 Jackson vs. John Quincy Adams
• 2 parties Democratic Party (Jackson) v.
  National Republicans (Adams)
• Democratic Party states rights
• National Republican Party national government
• mudslinging tried to ruin reputation of opposite
  candidate
• Campaign, slogans, rallies, buttons to gain
  support for candidates
• changed face of elections carries over into
  today
• Outcome Andrew Jackson became 7th President of
  the United States

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Chp. 11 Review Notes

• Vocab Secession (si-sesh-uh n)
• ESQ Why were states in the US discussing
  secession in the pre-Civil War era?
• Def. states leaving the government and forming
  a new country
• Attributes breaking away, withdrawing,
  recognizing a different leader/govt, renaming
  your country
• Examples The American colonies engaged in an act
  of secession when they declared their
  independence from Great Britain.
• South Carolina will be the first state to
  threaten an act of secession against the US
  government.

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Chp. 11 Review Notes

• Vocab Sectionalism (sek-shuh-nl-iz-uh m)
• Def. identifying interests based on location
  identity relative to region or locality concern
  for narrow-minded local interests
• Attributes local interests, narrow view,
  divided view, separate from whole country
• Examples Sectionalism began to affect American
  society in the 1820s.
• Growing feelings of sectionalism led to many
  problems in the US in the mid1800s.

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Chp. 11 Review Notes ESQ What political
changes came under Andrew Jackson?

• Jacksonian Democracy
• equal protection and equal benefits
• Leader for the common man
• Universal white male suffrage (more opportunity
  for white males to vote)
• Executive Branch (President) to Congress and
  Supreme Court
• Same right as Congress/Sp. Ct. to decide which
  laws good for nation
• Power beyond declaring laws unconstitutional
• Leader of his Political Party
• Spoils system give jobs in federal govt to
  loyal party members
• new blood clean out offices every few years

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Chp. 11 Review NotesESQ What political changes
came under Andrew Jackson?

• Problems for Jackson
• Tariff of 1828
• Set high protective tariffs opposed by South
• Vice-President John C. Calhoun
• States rights states can nullify federal law
  considered unconstitutional
• South Carolina threatens to secede
• 1832 lower tariff nullified by S.C.
  (Nullification Act)
• Jackson sent warships to ensure S.C. accept
  tariff (would follow w/army to enforce law if
  necessary)
• Calhoun/Clay compromise Congress lower tariff
  S.C. accept

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1. Why do you think the Cherokee called it the Trail
   of Tears?
2. How does the artist show the suffering taking
   place during this march? (Textbook pg. 343)

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Chp. 11 Review Notes ESQ How were Native
Americans affected by US expansion?

• Moving Native Americans
• Indian Removal Act (1830) fed. govt pay Native
  Americans to move west
• 1834 Indian Territory established in present-day
  Oklahoma
• Set up from treaties w/Indians of Southeast
  agreed to move for payment for land
• Approx. 100 tribes moved west during Jackson
  presidency

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Chp. 11 Review NotesESQ How were Native
Americans affected by US expansion?

• Problems w/compliance
• Black Hawks War Chief Black Hawk led Sauk
  Fox Indians back to Illinois fought w/US troops
  and lost
• Seminole Indians fought in Florida for years
  before land taken led by Chief Osceola w/some
  success
• By 1842 few Native Americans live east of
  Mississippi River
• Cherokee Nation took fight from Georgia to US
  Supreme Court
• treaties from 1790s - fed. govt recognized
  Cherokee as separate nation w/own laws
• Georgia refused to recognize Cherokee laws
• Supreme Court (John Marshall) GA could not
  interfere w/ Cherokee (Worshcester v. Georgia -
  1832)
• 1835 Jackson ordered removal of Cherokee to
  Oklahoma some moved other forced out

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Chp. 11 Review NotesESQ How were Native
Americans affected by US expansion?

• Trail of Tears
• 1838
• Gen. Winfield Scott w/army of 7,000 federal
  troops remove Cherokee
• Approx. 16,000 Cherokee forced into camps taken
  from homes only what you could carry
• 1838-1839
• Fall/winter forced to march west travel by
  horse, wagon, donkey, foot from Georgia to
  Oklahoma
• 1/4th died on journey

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• 3. What do you think is the purpose of this
  image?
• 4. Do you agree or disagree with this
  cartoonists idea of Jackson? Explain.

15

• 5. How does this cartoonist show Andrew
  Jacksons political style?
• 6. Do you agree or disagree with the
  cartoonist? Explain.

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Chp. 11 Review NotesESQ What economic issues
did the US face in the 1830s?

• Jackson vs. Bank of U.S. and Election of 1832
• Jackson states rights
• Did not support national bank favors wealthy
  easterners
• National Bank
• Chartered by Congress, run by private bankers,
  control nations money power
• Election of 1832
• Daniel Webster/Henry Clay
• use Bank to defeat Jackson
• plan apply to Cong. To renew charter Jackson
  vetoed charter lose popular vote support
• Jackson vetoed charter but still won the election
• Jackson removed from bank to state banks Bank
  of US forced to close

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What is Jacksons main concern? Why do you think
he feels this way? Do you agree or disagree with
him? Explain. Do you think it was a mistake for
Jackson to kill the Bank of the United States?
Defend your choice with at least 2 reasons.
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Chp. 11 Review Notes ESQ What economic issues
did the US face in the 1830s?

• Election of 1836
• Jackson does not run for 3rd term (follows
  precedent)
• Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren (Jacksons
  V.P.)
• Whigs
• New political party (anti-Jackson) very
  disorganized tried to run 3 candidates
• Van Buren becomes President (1837)

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Chp. 11 Review Notes ESQ What economic issues
did the US face in the 1830s?

• Depression
• Panic of 1837
• Unemployment, prices up
• Land value, investments down
• Lost faith in economic system
• laissez-faire
• govt interfere as little as possible w/nations
  economy
• depression lasted approx. 6 years Van Buren
  lost support

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Chp. 11 Review NotesESQ How did American
politics change after Andrew Jackson?

• Election of 1840
• Whigs nominate William Henry Harrison
• Famous for defeating Tecumseh at Tippecanoe
  during War of 1812
• Running mate John Tyler, Virginia planter
• slogan Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too
• Harrison defeated Van Buren and took office in
  1841
• Harrison died 1 month later (pneumonia)
• Tyler 1st vice president to gain presidency
  because elected president died in office
• rechartered new bank
• pass higher tariff
• Tyler supported states rights
• vetoed many Whig sponsored bills from Congress
  he was expelled from Whig Party

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Chp. 11 Review Notes ESQ How did American
politics change after Andrew Jackson?

• Whigs lost power again
• Split by sectional differences
• Henry Clay Whig candidate in 1844 election
  defeated by Democratic candidate James Polk

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• Summary Response Activity Ticket Out the Door
• On notebook paper write a brief paragraph (3-5
  sentences) answering the following questions.
• How did the United States change under the
  leadership of Andrew Jackson?
• (use at least 1 specific example from your
  notes/textbook)
• What do you think Jackson would do if he could be
  President today?

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• On your notebook paper write the following
• 3 ways Andrew Jackson affected government
• 2 things you think are good or bad about his
  actions (ex. Native American treatment National
  Bank)
• 1- question you would ask (if you could) about
  his actions and his time in office