World Revolutions

1
World Revolutions

• Mexico
• Africa
• Middle East
• India
• China
• Japan

2
Mexico

• The Mexican Revolution
• 1910 - 1917

3
1911 Dictator Porfirio Diaz Steps Down
4
1911 - 1913

• Madero was elected in 1911.
• Within two years he is assassinated by Victoriano
  Huerta.
• Huerta sets up his own military dictatorship.

5
The Peasants Rebellion

• Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata wanted broad
  changes for the peasants of Mexico
• They defeated Huerta while joining forces with
  Venustiano Carranza

6
1917 Election

• Carranza became president of Mexico in 1917.
• A new constitution was passed.
• Reforms were slow to materialize.

7
Constitution of 1917

• Major issues addressed land, religion, and
  labor.
• Government takeover of natural resources.
• Church land was made property of the nation.
• Minimum Wage was set up.
• Womens rights were addressed
• This constitution is still in effect today.

8
1920 Carranzas Government was overthrown

• In 1929 the government organized what later
  became the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
• The PRI dominated Mexican politics until the free
  elections of 2000.

9
Reforms in Mexico

• Under President Cardenas in the 1930s Mexico made
  a lot of reforms.
• Millions of acres of land was redistributed to
  peasants.
• Schools and Libraries were set up.
• Mexico nationalized its oil resources.

10
Latin America
11
Latin America

• Economic Nationalism - Nations were determined to
  develop their own industries so they would not
  have to buy so many products from other
  countries.
• During the World Depression, Latin American
  countries turned to stronger, authoritarian
  governments. People hoped that these would
  control the countrys economy more effectively.

12
Good Neighbor Pollicy

• The United States pledged to lessen its
  interference in the affairs of Latin America.
• The US withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua.
• Cuba was allowed self-rule.
• The policy strengthen Latin Americas
  nationalism, and improved relations with the
  United States.

13
Africa
14
Africa Resists Colonial Rule

• President Wilsons plea for Self-determination
  fueled Africas opposition to imperialism.
• Whites in South Africa strengthened their grip on
  government with Apartheid.
• W.E.B. DuBois organized the Pan-African Congress
• 1922 - Egypt gains independence from Britain
• 1924 - Kenya protested British treatment
• 1929 - Nigeria revolts against British policies

15
Middle East

• Turkey and Persia Modernize

16
Ataturk Westernizes Turkey

• 1920 Turkey becomes a Republic.
• Ataturks Reforms
• Separate religion from government
• He built railroads, set up factories, opened
  state schools, adopted the Latin alphabet, and
  gave women the right to vote.

17
Reza Khan influences Persia

• 1925 Reza Khan overthrew the government of Persia
  and declared himself Shah.
• Like Ataturk, he introduced Western ways to the
  nation.
• He increased oil profits for Persia.

18
Palestine

• A conflict grows following World War I over the
  occupation of Palestine.
• Jewish immigration grew rapidly in the region
  which was a heavily populated with Muslims.

19
Balfour Declaration

• Allies following WWI made two conflicting sets of
  promises.
• They promised Arabs their own kingdom in
  Palestine.
• They also advocated the idea of setting up a
  home for Jewish people in the region.
• Jews and Arabs fought over land the Arabs called
  Palestine and the Jews called Israel.

20
India

• Seeks Self-Rule

21
1919 Amritsar Massacre

• British General Dyer and 50 soldiers opened fire
  on unarmed crowd.
• Killing 400 and wounding over 1,000 more.
• The event convinced India they should govern
  themselves.

22
Indias Caste System
23
Mohandas Gandhi

• United India across class lines.
• Leader of the Congress Party
• Preached non-violence, and civil disobedience.
• Wanted equal rights for all Indians.

24
Salt March

• Boycotting British goods was one of Gandhis
  ploys of civil disobedience.
• This led to the 1930 stand against the British
  Salt monopoly.
• Gandhi and thousands others were arrested.

25
1945 Indias Independence
26
China

• Struggles in China

27
Chinese Republic in Trouble

• 1912- Sun Yixian stepped down as president and
  Yuan Shikai took control of the government.

28
Yuan Shikai

• Yuan tried to create a new dynasty in China.
• He did not have military support, and a divided
  China began to evolve.
• Died in 1916

29
Appeal of Marxism

• By the 1920s many in China were intrigued by the
  teachings of Marx and Lenin.
• The USSR was willing to train Chinese students
  and military officers to be leaders of a
  revolution.

30
Jiang Jieshi ( Chiang Kai-Shek )

• Leader of Nationalists, wanted to reunite China.
  He was neither democratic or communist.
• 1927 - Nationalists slaughtered Communist Party
  members.
• This act began the Chinese Civil War. It lasted
  22 years.

31
Mao Zedong

• Leader of the Chinese Communist movement.
• Believed the revolution should be done by
  peasants not the working class.

32
The Long March

• While being chased by Nationalists in 1934, the
  Communists fled to a remote areas of Northern
  China.
• During the march, the Communists gained respect
  from peasants who had been harshly treated by the
  Nationalists.

33
The Long March Diagram
34
China gets attacked

• 1931 - Japan invades the territory of Manchuria
  in China.
• Communist and Nationalists put their Civil War
  aside to form a united front against Japan.
• A united China fought back against the Japanese.

35
Japan
36
Emperor Hirohito ( 1926 - 1989 )
37
Japan after World War I

• Japans economy had massive growth
• Japan successfully annexed Korea
• Took over German possessions in East Asia

38
The Good and the Bad

• The Liberal 1920s
• Democracy thrived
• All men could vote
• Political parties were influenced by Japans
  powerful business leaders (zaibatsu).
• 1922 - Japan agreed to limit the size of their
  navy.

• Problems in Japan
• Rural peasants didnt share in wealth.
• Factory wages poor
• Poverty drew the lower class to Socialist ideas.
• Conflict between military and government.
• 1923 - Tokyo earthquake.

39
Great Depression hits Japan

• Ultranationalists - pushed for renewed Japanese
  expansion.
• 1931 - Invasion of Manchuria.
• Japan withdrew from the League of Nations.
• Japan enters an alliance with Germany and Italy.