The Civil War

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TheCivil War(1861-1865)
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CAUSES

• Slavery
• North moral issue
• South economic issue
• Economy
• Cotton is King!
• Slavery part of institution of Southern economy
• States Rights vs. Federal Authority
• Who has the power the state or the federal
  government?

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The civil War Begins

• First shots fired at Fort Sumter, SC
• Lincoln responds by calling for 75,000 volunteers
• Virginia,Arkansas,Tennessee andNorth
  Carolinato secede

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The Border States

• Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland Missouri
• Practiced slavery, but remained in the Union
• Maryland In the Union by the bayonet
• Kentucky I hopeGod is on our side,but I have
  to haveKentucky

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Goals of the North South

• North to save the Union (not end slavery)
• South to be left alone, maintaining slavery

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Comparing the North and South

• Advantages
• North
• Better equipped
• Larger population
• More factories
• Railroads
• South
• Defensive war
• Better officers
• Alliance with England and France?

• Disadvantages
• North
• Had to invade the South
• South
• Smaller armies
• No industry
• Fighting taking place in their fields and towns

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The Confederate Generals
Stonewall Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
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Tactics and Technology

• Officers had been trained at US Military Academy
• Used Napoleonic-style tactics
• New rifled guns and cannon meant higher
  casualties
• Trenches
• Railroads
• Telegraph

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Overviewofthe NorthsCivil WarStrategy Anaco
ndaPlan
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The Anaconda Plan
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The Battle of Bull Run

• First major battle of the war
• Absolute chaos!!!
• Confederate victory

Confederates thinkthey can win the war
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The War in the West

• Union victories in Tennessee, including Shiloh
• Made Ulysses S. Grant a national hero
• US Navy captures New Orleans

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The War in the East

• Robert E. Lee took command in May 1862
• Smaller Confederate Army defeated the Army of the
  Potomac (Northern Army) again and again
• Believed a defeat of the Northern armies in the
  North would convince England to help

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Lincolns Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan,Again!
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Battle of Antietam

• September 17, 1862
• Single bloodiest day of the Civil War
• 23,000 casualties
• Stopped the Southern invasion of the North
• Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

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TheEmancipationProclamation
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Emancipation Proclamation

• January 1, 1863
• Ended slavery in the rebellious states
• Mixed support in the North
• 180,000 African-American served in the US Army

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Emancipation in 1863
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1863 The Tide Turns

• Fredericksburg (December, 1862)
• Disastrous loss for the Army of the Potomac
• Battle of Chancellorsville
• Lees greatest victory
• Divided his army to defeat a larger Union army
• Battle of Gettysburg
• High Tide of the Confederacy Union victory on
  July 3
• Vicksburg
• Confederate fortress that controlled the
  Mississippi River
• Grant captured the city on July 4

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Gettysburg Casualties
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1864 the West

• General Sherman
• War is all hell
• Marched from Tennessee to South Carolina
• Wanted to prove to the South they could never win
  the war
• Punishment, too

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ShermansMarchto theSeathroughGeorgia,1864
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The War Ends

• Sherman complete his March to the Sea
• April, 1865 Siege of Petersburg ends
• Lee escaped, but cornered at Appomattox Court
  House
• Surrendered April 9, 1865

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Surrender at AppomattoxApril 9, 1865
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Casualties on Both Sides