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Later Middle Ages- Wars and Growth of Nations

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Mr. Kallusingh Topic 4 William of Normandy claimed control of England after Edward the confessor He had to defeat Harold of Wessex at the Battle of Hastings to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Later Middle Ages- Wars and Growth of Nations


1
Later Middle Ages- Wars and Growth of Nations
  • Mr. Kallusingh Topic 4

2
England 1066-1307 ad
  • William of Normandy claimed control of England
    after Edward the confessor
  • He had to defeat Harold of Wessex at the Battle
    of Hastings to maintain control
  • William brought Feudalism to Europe, but made
    each lord loyal to the King, providing a
    foundation for a centralized government
  • Had royal commissioners check every shire to
    ensure accuracy

3
England Continued
  • Henry II increased royal authority by allowing
    vassals to pay fees instead of providing soldiers
    making soldiers loyal to the king
  • Set up court system with a jury
  • Common Law- was instituted by Edward I and was
    different from previous law systems as it allowed
    its meaning to change for the situation

4
France 977-1328AD
  • Hugh Capet started the Capetian Dynasty which
    ruled France for more than 300 years
  • Phillip II increased royal landholdings by
    conquering English areas
  • Phillip IV increased royal power by taxing the
    clergy
  • The Three Estates was a governing body made up of
    commoners, nobles, and clergy

5
Capetian Dynasty
6
English Legal And constitutional history
  • John I made the nobles pay harsh taxes leading to
    a confrontation and the Magna Carta
  • Magna Carta was an agreement that made sure the
    king followed the rules
  • Edward I divided the kings court into three
    branches Court of Exchequer(finances), Court of
    Common Pleas(trial for normal people), Court of
    Kings Bench (trial for king and govt)

7
English Legal And constitutional history continued
  • Parliament is the beginning of representative
    government
  • Nobles and the middle class got together to
    attack the king
  • House of lords- nobles and clergy
  • House of Commons- knights and burgesses

8
Cultural and Intellectual Achievements
  • Education in the middle ages started in
    monasteries
  • Between 1000 and 1200 AD four big Universities
    started Paris, Oxford, Bologna, and Salerno
  • By 1400 Universities shared the same programs
    Bachelors, Masters, and Doctorate

9
Cultural and Intellectual Achievements continued
  • Vernacular literature comes from the way people
    speak
  • Scholasticism is an attempt to bring faith and
    reason together
  • Romanesque is arches, domes, and vaults
  • Gothic is pointed arches, tall spires, high
    walls, stained glass windows

10
Growth of the modern economy
  • As trade began to revive towns grew as well, most
    people traded to make money
  • Guilds were groups of people that did the same
    thing in town and had rules and rights, trading
    guild or craft guild
  • Guild members and Master workers became the
    middle class

11
Growth of the modern economy continued
  • Bourgeoisie was the middle class people in
    France- merchants, manufacturers, doctors, and
    lawyers
  • Market economy land, labor, and capital are
    controlled by people--- this is the basis for our
    capitalist economy

12
The Transition YearsThe hundred Years war
1337-1453
  • When the last Capetian King died the Hundred
    years war started between England and France
    between Edward III (ENG) and Phillip VI (FRA)
  • The English used long Bows to shoot 200 feet
  • The French used knights on horses
  • Both sides used gunpowder for cannons
  • French suffered more because the war was in France

13
The Hundred Years War 1337-1453
  • During the war people in France fought each other
    for control of the throne in 1429 Charles VII won
    with the help of Joan of Arc
  • Due to the war French Kings became more powerful
    like Louis XI, who made an efficient government
    that had harsh taxes

14
The transition years
  • The Black Death 1347-1351 killed around 25
    million people in Europe, spread in dirty cities
    by rats and fleas
  • Great Schism of 1378 occurred when pope Gregory
    XI died and the Church elected two popes, this
    lasted till 1417

15
Ferdinand and Isabella
  • They took control of Spain 1479 uniting it for
    the first time
  • In 1492 they ordered all Jews and Moors to
    convert to Christianity or leave Spain, this hurt
    Spanish in industry and trade
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