Chapter 14 Section 5

1
Chapter 14Section 5

• Wars and the
• Growth of Nations

2
Review

• What grew larger along with the revival of trade
  in the Middle Ages
• What helped the Black Death spread quickly around
  the world?
• the decline in trade in medieval times was caused
  by the _______ system
• Under what system do workers made a part of a
  product in their homes?

3
The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

• In the early 1300s English King Edward III held
  land in France, making his a vassal of the French
  king
• In 1328, with the death of the last male member
  of the royal family died, Edward III claimed the
  French throne
• The French assembly chose Philip VI, the Count of
  Flanders, as king instead
• In 1337 Edward III brought an army to Flanders
• Thus the Hundred Years War began
• It was 116 years of raids and battles. Although
  England won many battles, ultimately they lost
  the war.
• By 1453 France had regained almost all of
  Englands French lands

4
Edward III Philip VI
5
(No Transcript)
6
Continued.

• New weapons emerged in the HYW such as longbows,
  which allowed arrows to be shot accurately at
  200yds. away. Gunpowder and cannons made castles
  vulnerable to warfare. They no longer provided
  protection for the lords that inhabited them
• During the HYW both the French and English
  monarchies became weaker
• Parliament, particularly the House of Commons
  gained more power over the king making them
  closer in power to the House of Lords

7
This is a cannon
8
This is a dork with a longbow
9
The War of the Roses

• Shortly after the Hundred Years War ended the war
  for Englands throne began
• In 1455 the York and Lancaster families started
  the War of the Roses to determine who the ruler
  of England would be
• The white rose was the badge of York and the red
  rose was used by the House of Lancaster
• In 1485 Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster won
  the war
• Henry married a daughter from the House of York,
  and as Henry VII he set up a strong monarchy in
  England once again

10

• Henry Tudor as Henry VII. Note the red rose in
  his right hand

11
France after the Hundred Years War

• During the war France suffered more than England
  because it was fought on French soil
• During the war a fight for power broke out within
  the royal family. Preventing France to unite
  against the English
• Finally, with the help of Joan of Arc, Charles
  VII was crowned the king of France. The people
  backed their king and were able to drive out the
  English
• At the time of the HYW the French Estates General
  controlled finances and passed laws

12

• Joan of Arc claimed to have visions from God that
  told her to fight the English in the Hundred
  Years War. She was sent in for a relief mission
  to the siege at Orleans, she was able to lift the
  siege after only nine days. She was a heroine of
  her country at the young age of 17. While still
  battling she fell prisoner to the English and was
  burned at the stake a heretic at the age of 19.
  She was later declared a martyr and a saint by
  the Catholic church

13
Continued.

• In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII as king of
  France
• Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and
  the Estates General lost some of its power
• He set up a harsh but efficient government.
• Under Louis France became a united country
• As in England feudal lords lost much power to
  their king
• But unlike England, French peasants gained little
  freedom, still owing services to the manor and
  its lord

14
Spain

• Spain became a united nation in 1479 under
  Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.
• In 1492 they captured the city of Granada, the
  last stronghold of the Moors (Muslims) in Spain
• They were devout Catholics and ordered all
  non-Christians out of Spain or to convert
• Most Jews and Muslims left the country
• As a result, Spain lost most of its leaders in
  industry and trade

15
Ferdinand and Isabella
16
The Holy Roman Empire

• The Holy Roman Empire, now Germany and Italy,
  remained divided into states ruled by princes and
  knights. Therefore, the emperors lacked the power
  to exercise complete control
• In 1273 a member of the Habsburg family became
  emperor. They ruled a small state in present day
  Switzerland. They were weak and owned little land
• But they use the title of emperor to
  strategically arrange marriages with powerful
  families. Slowly they began to increase their
  lands
• Habsburg emperor Maximilian I gained the
  Netherlands, Luxembourg and Burgundy.

17
Continued.

• Emperor Maximilian Is son, Philip followed suit
  by marring into the Spanish royal family gaining
  lands in Spain and Italy
• Over time the Habsburgs became the most powerful
  family in Europe
• The Habsburg family could not, however, unite
  the Holy Roman Empire or the German states within
  it
• German states were ruled by princes who refused
  to surrender power to the emperor
• Nor could Italy be united because of the Papal
  States which were ruled by the pope

18
Review

• What happened During the HYW to both the French
  and English monarchies?
• Parliament, particularly the House of Commons,
  gained more power over the king making them
  closer in power to the House of _____
• Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and
  the who lost some of its power?
• The Habsburg family could not, however, unite who
  or the German states within it?

19

• Hey, how about some pictures of this guy who
  calls himself Sir Richard Calle a Tudor knight
  (unless he is being Sir Richard Calles assistant
  Robert Jackson, you think Im joking dont you)

20
(No Transcript)