Imperialism

1
Imperialism

• One countrys domination over the political,
  economic and social life of another country
• The new imperialism occurred especially from
  1800-1914.

2
Reasons for imperialism

• 1. need for raw materials
• 2. need for new markets
• 3. nationalism
• 4. investment opportunities
• white mans burden/Christianize/socialize

3
White Mans Burden

• Written by Rudyard Kipling (British)
• Originally published in February 1899
• Justifies imperialism as a noble enterprise

4
Black Mans Burden

• African Americans, among many others, objected to
  the notion of the white mans burden.

5
Who were the imperial powers/mother countries?

• European countries (primarily)

6
Where did they extend their imperial empire?

• Africa, Asia, Latin America

7
What do you think the Industrial Revolution had
to do with helping to bring about the Age of
Imperialism?
8
Main imperial forms

• Colony territory ruled directly European
  settlers desired farmland, minerals, etc.
• Protectorate kept its own government but foreign
  officials guided its policies
• Sphere of influence region where an imperialist
  power held exclusive investment or trading rights

9
Positives of Imperialism

• New constitutions formed in some countries
• Protection by the mother country (sometimes in
  times of war)
• Increased standard for education, schools were
  built
• Introduced to better technology and production
  techniques
• Foreign Loans (could be or -)
• Built roads, railroads, infrastructure

10
Negatives of Imperialism

• No stable government (violence with overthrowing,
  struggle for power)
• Exploitation of resources (ex. Peru, Spain takes
  precious metals)
• Oppression of the people
• Indigenous peoples have less control over
  politics and economy
• No stable economy after independence
• No idea how to rule afterward
• Destruction of culture (including language,
  religion)

11
Imperialism

• The sun never sets on the British Empire

12
Imperialism in China

• Substance which opened China to trade
• Opium War (1839-1842)
• unequal treaties
• Treaty of Nanjing
• France, Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain,
  Belgium, Austria-Hungary, the US and Japan later
  conducted similar unequal treaties
• Extraterritoriality British subjects not
  subject to Chinese laws
• dismantling of the tribute system releasing
  Korea, Vietnam, Burma/Myanmar
• Spheres of influence

13

• Role of Open Door Policy
• http//worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/31
  0849?termsOpenDoorPolicy
• Rebellions
• Taiping (1850-1864) almost dismantled the
  Qing/Manchu rule since 1644
• Boxer Rebellion/put down by 6 of the 8 Great
  Powers (not Austria, Italy)

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Taiping Rebellion
15

• Attempts at reform
• Self-Strengthening Movement (1860)
• Confucian values with stable agriculture
• modern shipyards, railroads, weapons, steel
  industry
• academics for scientific knowledge
• Hundred Days Reforms (1898)
• 1912 Qing collapse

16
Imperialism in Japan

• Problems Tokugawa weak, famine, foreign
  pressures for increased trade
• Role of Matthew Perry (1853)
• Unequal treaties with 5 nations
• Opened Japanese ports to foreign commerce,
  deprived the government of control over tariffs,
  and granted foreigners extraterritorial rights

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Revolt unseated the shogun and restored
15-year-old emperor Meiji to power
18

• Meiji Restoration/reforms
• Feudal structure since 1185 ended, constitutional
  monarchy with legislature, freedom of
  movement/end to closed country policies,
  railroads, factories
• Copied navy from _____
• Copied army from _____
• Revised tax structure from grain to fixed-money
• modern currency system
• postal networks, telegraph networks
• growing population provided cheap labor
• refrained from foreign loans
• improved literacy
• 7th Great Power

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• Sino-Japanese War Formosa/Taiwan, Korea
• Russo-Japanese War Manchuria/Port Arthur

20
Imperialism in India

• Role of British/French East India Companies
• Mughal decline
• The brightest jewel in the British crown
• Why were Indians not successful in resisting the
  British?
• Lack of unity/nationalism
• Hindu vs. Muslim
• Use of sepoys/Sepoy Rebellion
• Advantages to India
• Hunger problems switching from wheat to cotton

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Central Asia Southeast Asia

• Great Game between Russia and Britain,
  especially

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• In East Indies
• Spices (coffee, pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo,
  tea, tin, copper, ebony/teak/hardwood trees)
• The Dutch/the Netherlands (Dutch East India
  Company)
• In Philippines
• US from Spain
• In Burma/Myanmar
• Britain
• In Malaya
• Britain
• In Indochina
• Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia/Kampuchea (France)

23

• Significance of Thailand/Siam
• Independent buffer zone between British and
  French control
• Australia
• Britain

24
Imperialism in Africa

• dark continent
• Race for conquest
• Berlin Conference 1884-1885 (14 European
  countries, US, no Africans)
• 7 European countries carve up Africa
• David Livingstone/Henry Stanley Belgian Congo
• Rhodesia
• British discovery of diamonds and gold
• Dutch Boers/Afrikaners/Zulu (Afrikaners mainly
  Dutch, German, French)
• Egypt

25

• 2 countries remained free
• Liberia for freed slaves later, Marcus Garvey
  back to Africa in 1920s
• Ethiopia British, French, Italian interest/role
  of Menelik II

26
Imperialism in Latin America

• US role
• Monroe Doctrine
• Spanish-American War in 1898 Cuba, Puerto Rico,
  Guam, Philippines
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Neo-colonialism
• ECONOMIC
• Role of US and Britain

27

• For the first time in human history, the world
  became in many ways a single unit. - McKay