IMPERIALISM

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IMPERIALISM

• ONE COUNTRYS DOMINATION OF THE POLITICAL,
  ECONOMIC SOCIAL LIFE OF ANOTHER COUNTRY and
  denzel

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3 Key Factors of Imperialism in the 1800s

• nationalism caused nations to build empires in
  their competitive quest for power
• industrial revolution created need for more raw
  materials
• cultural superiority and religious fervor

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Other Motives For Imperialism

• Loss of New World Europe
• 1760s - France lost Canada India to Britain
• 1770s - Britain lost American colonies to
  independence
• Early 1800s - Spain Portugal lost Latin
  American colonies to independence
• Simon Bolivar
• San Martin

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Africa Before Imperialism

• hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups
• most followed traditional beliefs, while some
  converted to Christianity and Islam
• politically ranged from large empires to small
  villages
• by late 1880s only 10 of Africa was controlled
  by Europeans

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Nationalism and Rivalries
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• first people to penetrate into Africa from Europe
  were missionaries and explorers
• missionaries believed that they could save the
  souls of Africans by converting them to
  Christianity
• they built schools and hospitals
• explorers were hired to produce stories of
  adventure and excitement for European
  publications
• Cecil Rhodes ? British adventurer made fortune
  in gold and diamonds Rhodes University and
  Rhodes Scholarship named after him
• David Livingstone ? explorer who traveled inner
  Africa setting up missions and writing detailed
  accounts discovered Victoria Falls
• Henry Stanley ? British journalist sent to find
  Livingstone after he had not reported in Dr
  Livingstone I presume
• Livingstone and Stanley generated interest in
  Africa from their travels and accounts

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• From 1880 to 1914 European imperialists carved up
  Africa, partitioning or dividing it among
  themselves
• Competition was so fierce Europe feared that war
  would spark
• To prevent conflict, 14 countries met at Berlin
  Conference to lay down rules for dividing Africa
• Agreed any European country could claim land by
  notifying other nations of its claim and showing
  it could control the area
• Little thought or interest was given to how
  Africa felt

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Industrial Revolution
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• Europe and the US needed raw materials for
  industry
• Created new markets for goods produced from raw
  materials
• Rubber, copper, gold and palm oil from Africa
• Cotton from India, tin from SE Asia
• Entrepreneurs sent back African goods to Europe
  for sale
• Steam engines would eventually allow boats to
  navigate waters to penetrate inner Africa

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Cultural Superiority and Religious Fervor
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• As mentioned, missionaries came to Africa early
  on to set up missions and convert natives
• Most Europeans felt that the Africans were
  savages and forced western culture on conquered
  peoples
• Europeans discouraged the practice of native
  traditions and rituals
• White Mans Burden by Kipling
• Social Darwinism social theory of the time said
  the fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and
  success and were considered superior to others

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FORMS OF IMPERIALISM

• COLONY Mother Country directly rules region
  (Somaliland was a colony of the French)
• PROTECTORATE Mother Country allows native
  rulers to stay in power, but controls them
  (British established a protectorate over Niger)
• SPHERE OF INFLUENCE country has exclusive
  rights to trade in particular region (Liberia was
  under a sphere of influence of the US)

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Lesser Known Forms of Imperialism

• CONCESSION country granted exclusive right to
  exploit a particular resource
• ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM An independent but
  less-developed country controlled by private
  business interests rather than other governments
  (Dole Fruit Company in Hawaii)

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Imperialism in Asia
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Methods of Gaining Control

• Military Invasion
• claim that area is a threat
• claim that disorder threatens business in region
• Indebtedness
• ruler of region gets loans from other country
• falls under their control
• Gain Concession
• then send in support (military) to protect
  concession
• War
• conquer territory

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Treatment of Native People

• Enslave or force labor
• Segregation - separated natives and Euro
  colonists (Dutch, English, Germans)
• Assimilation - try to get natives to adopt
  European culture (France)

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Effects of Imperialism

• Negative
• Africans lost land, independence, native cultures
  and traditions
• Colonial divisions caused problems to natives
  (broke up families, broke up native alliances)
• Took resources from Africa to foster
  industrialization in Europe

• Positive
• Reduced local warfare
• Economic growth in Africa
• Humanitarian efforts helped improve African lives

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