Ch. 15: The Spirit of Reform

1
Ch. 15 The Spirit of Reform

• P. 407

2
Lesson 1 Social Reform

• P. 410

3
Religion Reform

• Second Great Awakening late 1700s thru
  mid-1800s
• Renewed religious interest, marked by revivals
• Brings changes to American religion, education,
  literature
• People try to form utopias

4
The Impact of Religion

• Lyman Beecher CT minister who led temperance
  movement
• ME some other states outlaw manufacture sale
  of alcohol

5
Changing Education

• Horace Mann MA lawyer leader of education
  reform
• 1839 MA founds the nations 1st state-supported
  normal school
• New colleges universities open
• Ex Oberlin College of Ohio (1833)
• Admitted both women African Americans

6
Helping People with Disabilities

• Thomas Gallaudet developed a method to teach
  those w/ hearing impairments
• Opened Hartford School for the Deaf in CT (1817)
• Samuel Gridley Howe helped ppl w/ vision
  impairments
• Printed books using Braille
• Headed the Perkins Institute (school for visually
  impaired in Boston)

7
Helping People with Disabilities (cont.)

• Dorothea Dix schoolteacher who began visiting
  prisons in 1841
• Educated public about the poor conditions for
  prisoners the mentally ill

8
Culture Changes

• Transcendentalism Stressed the relationship b/t
  humans nature the importance of the
  individual conscience
• Margaret Fuller Womens rights
• Ralph Waldo Emerson Overcome prejudice
• Henry David Thoreau Civil disobedience

9
Culture Changes (cont.)

• Other writers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Walt
  Whitman, Emily Dickinson
• Art
• Hudson River School
• Print-making (Nathaniel Currier, James Merritt
  Ives)

10
Lesson 2 The Abolitionists
11
The Colonization Plan

• 1816 American Colonization Society formed
• Raised to send free African Americans out of
  the country
• Acquired land in west Africa for a colony
• 1822 1st settlers arrive in Liberia
• 1847 Liberia becomes independent country

12
Making the Case Against Slavery

• William Lloyd Garrison MA abolitionist
• 1831 started The Liberator newspaper
• Called for an immediate end to slavery
• 1832 started the New England Anti-Slavery
  Society
• 1833 started the American Anti-Slavery Society

13
Making the Case Against Slavery (cont.)

• Sarah Angelina Grimke supported abolition
  womens rights
• 1839 write American Slavery As It Is (firsthand
  stories of life under slavery)
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• 1852 publishes Uncle Toms Cabin

14
African American Abolitionists

• Helped organize lead the American Anti-Slavery
  Society, subscribed to The Liberator
• 1827 Freedoms Journal begun
• David Walker publishes antislavery pamphlet
• 1830 African Americans lead convention in
  Philly
• Start African American college? Encourage free
  African Americans to move to Canada?

15
The Role of Frederick Douglass

• Ex-slave (escaped in 1838, bought his freedom in
  1847)
• Joined Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society
• Gave antislavery speeches in U.S. abroad
• Edited the antislavery newspapers North Star

16
Sojourner Truth

• Born a slave as Isabella Baumfree in NY
• Escaped in 1826 NY bans slavery in 1827
• Changes name in 1843
• Works w/ William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick
  Douglass, etc.

17
The Underground Railroad

• Network of escape routes
• Most famous conductor Harriet Tubman
• As many as 100,000 slaves escape

18
Quiz Topics

• Second Great Awakening
• Temperance movement
• Thomas Gallaudet
• Transcendentalism
• Dorothea Dix
• Civil disobedience
• American Colonization Society
• Frederick Douglass
• Underground Railroad