Opposition to Slavery 1800-1833

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• Chapter 8
• Opposition to Slavery 1800-1833

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I. A Country in Turmoil

• Late 1820s was a time of great change
• Transportation and market revolution
• Industrialization and immigration
• Banking and money influence public policy
• Fears
• People felt threatened
• Paranoia

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Abolitionism Begins in America

• Pre-revolutionary
• Southern slaves sought to free themselves
• Received help from free blacks and a few whites
• Did not seek to destroy slave labor system

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Abolitionism Begins in America (cont.)

• Post-revolutionary
• Black and white abolitionists from the North
• Quakers
• Organized first antislavery society, 1775
• Attracted non-Quakers
• Gradual emancipation
• Not equal rights
• Little emphasis on southern slavery

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From Gabriel to Denmark Vesey

• Gabriels Conspiracy, 1800
• Consequences
• antislavery societies declined
• Fears of race war

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From Gabriel to Denmark Vesey (cont.)

• Denmark Vesey 1822 Consequences
• Charleston
• Improved slave patrols
• Outlawed slave assemblages
• Banned teaching slaves to read
• Black seaman jailed until ships ready to leave
  port
• Increasingly suspicious of
• Free African-Americans
• White Yankee visitors

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III. The American Colonization Society

• ACS, 1816
• Proposed gradual emancipation
• With compensation
• Sending ex-slaves and freed people to Liberia
• Support of southern slaveholders
• Northern supporters preferred giving a choice

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Black Nationalism

• White prejudice denied blacks full citizenship
• Liberia
• Prince Hall
• Paul Cuffe
• Henry Highland Garnet

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Opposition to Colonization

• Americans not Africans
• Preferred to improve conditions in America
• Worried that voluntary colonization would be
  forced
• Most southern states required the expulsion of
  slaves individually freed by masters
• Efforts to expel all free black people or return
  them to slavery
• Arkansas, 1858
• ACS considered a proslavery scheme to force free
  black people to choose between reenslavement or
  banishment.

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V. The Baltimore Alliance

• William Lloyd Garrison
• The Liberator

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VI. David Walkers Appeal

• David Walker
• Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the
  World, 1829
• Aggressively attacked slavery and white racism
• Advocated violence
• Frightened white southerners
• Pamphlet was regarded as dangerous in the Old
  South

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VII. Nat Turner

• Nat Turner
• Learned to read as a child
• Studied the Bible
• Saw visions
• Believed God intended him to lead people to
  freedom
• Revolt, August 1831

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Nat Turner (cont.)

• Turners Revolt
• Shaped a new era in American abolition
• Whites everywhere blamed abolitionists
• Northern abolitionists asserted hope for peaceful
  struggle
• Accorded heroic stature by northern abolitionists

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VIII. Conclusion

• The Second Great Awakening and Reform Movement
• Shaped slavery
• Gabriel, Vesey, and Turner
• Employed violence
• Northern abolitionists
• Employed newspapers, books, petitions, and
  speeches
• Slaves resistance
• Influenced northern abolitionists