Answer:

1
1492
2
Answer

• Christopher Columbus sails West to find a faster
  all-water route to Asia and lands in the
  Caribbean (Hispaniola).

3
1494
4
Answer

• Treaty of Tordesillas Pope divides the New
  World with the Line of Demarcation.
• Spain gets land west of the line.
• Portugal gets the eastern land (Brazil) and
  Africa.

5
1587-1590
6
Answer

• Roanoke Colony is founded and LOST.
• 1st English Colony off coast of N. Carolina
• Founder Sir Walter Raleigh
• Lost during Spanish Armada attack.
• Only clue Croatoan carved into tree.

7
1588
8
Answer

• Spanish Armada is defeated by the English navy.

9
1607
10
Answer

• Jamestown founded
• VA Company joint-stock company
• Captain John Smith

11
1619
12
Answer

• Boat of women
• Boat of slaves (Portugal)
• Headright system
• 50 acres of land if you paid for indentured
  servant trip to American colonies keep
  indentured servant for 7 years until debt paid
  back
• House of Burgesses
• 1st representative assembly of landed colonists

13
1620
14
Answer

• Plymouth Colony is founded by mostly Pilgrims.
• Mayflower Compact majority rules
• Separatist Gov. William Bradford
• Squanto
• Thanksgiving

15
1624
16
Answer

• VA becomes a royal colony b/c of financial
  difficulties.
• Tobacco saves the colony soon after royal
  government benefits financially.

17
1630
18
Answer

• Massachusetts Bay Colony is founded by the
  Puritans.
• Non-Separatist Gov. Winthrop build a city upon
  a hill

19
1636
20
Answer

• Pequot War Pequots attacked Plymouth and Mass.
  Bay because their land was being encroached upon.
  Pequot lose.

21
1675
22
Answer

• King Phillips War Metacomet, leader of the
  Wampanoag, attacked Plymouth and Mass. Bay
  because their land was being encroached upon.
  Indians lose.

23
1676
24
Answer

• Bacons Rebellion
• stops indentured servants starts slavery boom!

25
1680
26
Answer

• Popes Rebellion Indians in New Mexico attack
  Spanish over land encroachment and lose.

27
1688
28
Answer

• Glorious Revolution
• Bloodless revolution to restore English rights
  get rid of Catholic king.
• James II removed from the thrown
• English Bill of Rights passed
• William III Mary II jointly rule

29
1689
30
Answer

• Coodes Rebllion rebellion over religion in
  Maryland Protestants take control from
  Catholics.
• Leislers Rebellion rebellion over rights of
  Englishmen in NY English men fight win rights.
• Dominion of New England is broken up.
• Sir Edmund Andros escapes.

31
1692
32
Answer

• Salem Witch Trials

33
1713
34
Answer

• Salutary neglect begins British are not
  strictly enforcing the Navigation Acts.

35
1700s
36
Answer

• Enlightenment Movement

37
1730s-1740s
38
Answer

• 1st Great Awakening
• Leaders
• Jonathan Edwards
• Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
• George Whitefield

39
1739
40
Answer

• Stono Rebellion

41
1754
42
Answer

• Albany Plan of Union
• for defense against Indians French it fails
  shows disunity of colonies
• The French and Indian War begins
• Over Ohio River Valley trade / settlement
• French build forts in Ohio Valley Fort Duquesne
  and friendly with the Indians
• Washington sent to expel the French attacks Fort
  Dusquene
• British declare war on France

43
1763
Hint
44
Answer

• Treaty of Paris of 1763
• Ends the French and Indian War - French loose
  all territory
• Pontiacs Rebellion
• Indians rebel against the British in the NW
  territory after the FIW had been loyal to the
  French British didnt respect their culture or
  trade with them as equals ANGER
• Proclamation of 1763
• Colonials temporarily cant settle west of the
  Appalachians
• Paxton Boys Rebellion
• A group of Western Pennsylvania backcountry
  Scotch-Irish nur nurs decide to take the law
  into their own hands and get even with the
  Indians for Pontiacs Rebellion in the NW
  Territory. They disobey the pacifist Mass. state
  government attack innocent Christian Indian
  tribes nearby murdering women children never
  punished. ?
• SALUTORY NEGLECT ENDS
• British need revenue () to pay off FIW debt now
  going to enforce Nav. Acts (regulations) stop
  ignoring the smuggling going to enforce
  mercantilist policy

45
1764
46
Answer

• Sugar Act
• Purpose to raise revenue () to pay off FIW debt
  by getting Americans to stop smuggling French
  molasses buy British in the Caribbean
• indirect tax (pre-added tax) on molasses sugar
  imported into the colonies from Britain
• it actually lowered the tax to make British goods
  cheaper than competitors BUT strictly enforced
  end of salutary neglect
• Currency Act
• Colonies can only use British currency cant
  print their own.

Massachusetts, Three Shilling Note, 1775
47
1765
48
Answer S3V

• Stamp Act
• Direct tax on internal goods of the colonies
  (previously taxed by only by the colonial
  assemblies) including legal documents, paper,
  cards, newspapers, dice
• purpose of tax to raise revenue to pay off FIW
  war debt
• Sons of Liberty
• Massachusetts colonials against direct taxes w/o
  actual representation (like the colonial
  assemblies had)
• Stamp Act Congress
• Delegates from several colonies met in NY
  agree to boycott (non-consumption) stamped
  products
• Purpose to hurt Britain economically, so they
  repeal the vile act
• Virginia Resolves
• Patrick Henry VA resolved that Britain could not
  directly tax the colonies internally w/o colonial
  assembly approval b/c they dont have actual
  representation in Parliament.

49
1766
50
Answer

• Stamp Act repealed by Parliament
• New Prime Minister Rockingham Rocks!
• Declaratory Act
• Parliament has unlimited power of
  taxation/legislation over colonies
• complete sovereignty over the colonies ?

This cartoon depicts the repeal of the Stamp Act
as a funeral, with Grenville carrying a child's
coffin marked "born 1765, died 1766".
51
1767
52
Answer TDC

• Townshend Acts
• Indirect tax on lead, paint, glass, silk, paper
  tea imported from Britain
• Purpose to raise revenue to pay Brit officials
  salaries in colonies ? (which irritates colonists
  b/c that used to be a power of the colonial
  assemblies used to control the officials,
  especially Governors) to pay off FIW debt
• Dickinsons Letters of a PA Farmer
• Unites the colonists together against the
  Townshend Acts
• Parliament cant tax internal goods in the
  colonies (direct taxes) it cant tax for the
  sole purpose of raising revenue it must be to
  regulate trade like the Nav. Acts
• Circular Letter - (Sam Adams James Otis)
• Mass. Assembly adopted this resolution sent to
  other colonial assemblies they adopted it as
  well
• It stated Am. Colonies had rights! Like to
  assemble, to tax themselves, right to
  representation, liberties
• Colonies boycott (non-importation agreements)
  British Townshend taxed goods

53
1770
54
Answer

• Lord North new Prime Minister of Parliament
• Townshend Acts repealed EXCEPT tax on tea!
• Boston Massacre
• Crispus Attacks mob attacks custom house hatred
  of taxes British standing army in Boston Sons
  of Liberty led propaganda

55
1772
56
Answer

• Gaspee Incident
• British smuggler catcher boat burned off the
  coast of RI by the Sons of Liberty

57
1773
58
Answer

• Tea Act
• reduces price of British East India Co. tea to
  give it a monopoly, so it doesnt go bankrupt
• Boston Tea Party
• Sons of Liberty dump B.E.I.C. tea into Boston
  Harbor (iced tea)

59
1774
60
Answer

• Coercive/Intolerable Acts
• Purpose punish Boston/Mass. for Tea Party
• Boston Port Act closes ports to all trade until
  tea repaid
• Massachusetts Government Act no town meetings,
  no trial by jury, military rule, trials in
  England
• Quartering Act, new Governor appt, Gen. Gage in
  charge
• No stock piling of weapons
• Quebec Act
• Quebec extended to Ohio River Valley Catholicism
  tolerated
• 1st Continental Congress
• convenes in Philadelphia to discuss Coercive Acts
• Passes the Declaration of Rights Grievances and
  the Suffolk Resolves
• Declaration of Rights Grievances declares Am.
  Colonies rights (to assemble, have juries)
  tells Parliament King our grievances/problems
  with Intolerable Acts
• Suffolk Resolves agree to NOT to buy Brit.
  Goods (non-import/non-consume) to hurt Brit.
  Econ. For Intolerable Acts

61
1775
62
Answer

• April Lexington Concord
• Gage sent troops to find militias stockpiling
  of weapons outside of Boston British were going
  to Concord by sea (2 lanterns) Revere William
  Dawes warn that British are coming by sea
• Lex. the colonials British meet up Shot heard
  round the world starts the Am. Revolt.
• Minutemen arrive at Concord shoot British all
  the way back to Boston surround the city
• May 2nd Continental Congress
• convenes b/c of Lex Concord U.S. govt until
  1781 (Articles ratified)
• Olive Branch Petition written by Dickinson
  last effort to avoid war asked king to redress
  grievances king rejected the petition ? Turning
  point for declaring war (unites colonists in
  cause)
• Declaration of Necessity of Taking Up Arms
• Continental Army created -gt GW commander-in-chief
• June Battle of Bunker/Breeds Hill
• Bloodiest battle of the Am. Revolution proves it
  will not be a short, easy war
  colonials have the high ground
  outside Boston
• Aug. Geo. declares the colonies in rebellion
• 18,000 Hessian mercenaries hired ?

63
1776
64
Answer

• Jan. Common Sense
• Pamphlet published by Thomas Paine
• Should an island govern a continent?
• June Richard Henry Lees Resolution
• July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence
• Purpose to gain foreign alliances (France)
• Declared our natural rights of life, liberty
  property had been violated
• Declared we had the right to abolish our
  government b/c of violations
• Lists 27 grievances with the king that he never
  remedied
• Declares us an independent nation called the USA
• Dec. 26, 1776 Battle of Trenton
• 1st battle the Continental Army under GW won
• sneaked up on drunk Hessian mercenaries
• by crossing Delaware River into NJ Xmas night
• Motivates soldiers to keep fighting ?

65
1777
66
Answer

• Battle of Saratoga
• Turning point Brits lose big battle surrender
  5,800, French now will help ?
• Winter at Valley Forge (outside Philadelphia)
• British take over Philadelphia Continental
  Congress runs hides ?
• US Continental Army spends winter outside Philly
  at Valley Forge freezing, while Brits are warm in
  our beds in Philly ?
• Prussian Baron von Stuben trains soldiers
• Articles of Confederation adopted but NOT
  ratified
• Not ratified until 1781 b/c ALL 13 states had to
  ratify it they disagreed over the state
  borders MD, Del RI landlocked and borders
  didnt extend into the land west of the
  Appalachian Mountains like other 10 states, so
  they refused to ratify it until they got land or
  others lost land.
• Written by John Dickinson

67
1778
68
Answer

• Franco-American Alliance
• France agrees to fight Britain until she
  acknowledges our sovereignty AND
• U.S. agrees to help France out when she asks in
  future
• British begin Southern strategy
• Why? Need Loyalists to help now that the war is
  being fought in Europe (France) and in America

69
1781
70
Answer

• Articles of Confederation is ratified by all 13
  states. ?
• Confederation states are sovereign and more
  powerful than the federal govt loose League of
  friendship among the states
• Powers of the unicameral Federal Congress
• Make laws, declare war, make treaties (Treaty of
  Paris 1783 proposed the Jay-Gardoqui Treaty),
  print money, borrow money, each state got one
  vote regardless of size, its supposed to solve
  disputes b-w states, all 13 states are needed
  to amend the Articles
• Battle of Yorktown
• French arrive blocking off Chesapeake Bay
• Cornwallis surrenders
• Last major battle. ?

71
1783
72
Answer

• Treaty of Paris (1783)
• Set some of the boundaries between the US
  British N. America (Canada)
• US got fishing rights in Newfoundland and in the
  Gulf of Saint Lawrence
• US Britain agreed to pay pre-war debts to
  private creditors
• State legislatures were supposed to return
  property land to Loyalists confiscated after
  the war (This NEVER happens)
• Prisoners of war on both sides were to be
  released and all property left by the British
  army in the United States unmolested (including
  slaves) British were to leave forts in NW
  territory
• Great Britain and the United States were to share
  access to the Miss. River

• Newburgh Conspiracy of Continental Army officers
• Planned to use force to make states relinquish
  power to tax to the national government, so
  veterans could get paid GW prevents it with
  guilt. ?

73
1784
74
Answer

• Spain closes off port of New Orleans! ?
• U.S. sends Jay to negotiate treaty w/Spain to
  open port.
• US Army 100 men we cant do anything to stop
  Spanish ?

75
1785
76
Answer

• Land Ordinance of 1785
• Passed by the Confederation Congress.
• Purpose To sell land to speculators westerners
  to raise for the fedl govt
• 1. Surveys divides NW territory (Ohio River
  Valley) into 5 possible territories
• 2. Divides into towns of 6X6 square mile blocks
  the blocks could be divided up further if
  necessary and sold for revenue for the federal
  govt
• 3. The 16th square was not sold but instead saved
  for public education

77
1786
78
Answer

• Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
• Proposed but NOT ratified by Confederation
  Congress!!!!
• Spain would have sole use of the Miss. River for
  25 years and in return the New Englanders would
  have a commercial advantage in trade
• Annapolis Convention
• Wanted to amend Articles to help trade or
  commerce between the largely independent states
  not enough representatives came rescheduled for
  Philadelphia the next year
• Shays Rebellion
• W. Mass. Farmers rebel against Mass. state govt
  b/c of economic depression, state govt taxing
  and foreclosing on farms ?
• Federal govt cant help b/c no money or army! ?
• The events revealed weaknesses under the Articles
  of Confederation and helped lead to adoption of
  the Constitution of the United States.

79
1787
80
Answer

• Northwest Ordinance (1787)
• Organized the territory north west of the Ohio
  River into max. of 5 territories
• Legislated away slavery in NW territory
• All states to be admitted on equal status
• 60,000 pop. state Constitution Congress
  decides whether to admit territory as a state

• Constitutional Convention
• Met in Philadelphia to revise/amend the Articles
  (Madison Father)
• Great Compromise bi-cameral legislature
  (equality in Senate, population in House)
• Commerce Compromise federal govt controls
  interstate commerce taxes on imports (tariffs)
  BUT not on exports or intrastate!
• 3/5 Compromise 3/5th of slaves counted as pop.
  for determining representation in House of Rep.
  for determining taxation.
• Importation of slaves cant be legislated away
  earlier than 1808
• Presidency Compromise indirect election of Pres.
  by Electoral College with 4 year terms.

81
Great Compromise
One of the first issues to be resolved was
representation to the new government. The
Articles of Confederation had allowed each state
equal representation and equal say, despite size
or population and this did not sit well with the
largest states (Virginia, New York,
Pennsylvania). The smaller states feared losing
say in the federal government and so continued to
support equality in representation.
82
3/5ths Compromise
A fundamental economic and social division began
to erupt over the issue of slavery. The southern,
agriculturally based states relied heavily on
slavery and slaves constituted a significant
portion of their populations. The northern states
opposed counting slaves for representation in
government because they were not citizens and
their population could easily be increased,
tipping control of the federal legislature to the
southern states.
83
Commerce Compromise
Again a regional disagreement arose, in this case
over the issue of trade and its regulation. The
northern, more industrial states saw the
regulation of trade by the federal government as
essential to the smooth working of a national
economy. The southern states feared regulation of
trade would not only threaten the sale of slaves,
but also the essential export of their
agricultural products (chiefly cotton and
tobacco).
84
Presidency Compromise
Nearly all of the delegates could agree on the
need for a president, to serve as a central
figure and executive of the new nation. The
disagreement arose over the power and service of
such an office. Some delegates, fearing the rise
of king-like president advocated for a weak
official, who would be limited to a single
one-year term. Others argued the need for a
powerful figure who would be elected, but serve
for life. Debates also raged about how best to
elect the president and what role the people of
the nation should serve in his selection.
85
1788
86
Answer

• Constitution is ratified
• by 9 of 13 states in June.
• Federalist Papers
• Purpose published in NY to get NY and VA to
  ratify it.
• These papers were written by Hamilton, Madison
  Jay under the pseudonym Publius to convince the
  people of NY that a strong central govt was
  needed well thought out.
• Anti-Federalists (people against a strong federal
  govt at the expense of the states want a Bill
  of Rights) persuaded NY VA not to ratify it.
  (e.g. Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Elbridge
  Gerry, and George Mason)
• VA ratifies it in June 1788 with help of George
  Washington.
• NY finally ratifies it in July 1789.

87
1789
88
Answer

• 1st session of Congress convenes in NYC March
  4th.
• Georgia Washington is unanimously elected
  President John Adams VP by electoral college
  April 30th.
• N. Carolina and Rhode Island refused to approve
  the Constitution or take part in the new
  government until Congress agreed to add a bill of
  rights.
• Congress creates Departments of State, Treasury,
  War Justice
• GW selects cabinet Secretaries for Departments
  w/ majority of Senates approval
• Sec. of State Thomas Jefferson (VA)
• Sec. of Treasury Alexander Hamilton (NY)
• Sec. of War Henry Knox (Mass.)
• Attorney General Edmund Randolph (VA)
• Judiciary Act of 1789 passed by Congress.
• French Revolution begins ?
• July 4th Congress passed 1st Tariff led by
  Madison (loved by Hamilton), enacted a 5 tax on
  imports to raise revenue.

89
End OF Material for
Unit 2
90
1789-1793
91
Answer

• George Washingtons 1st term as President

92
1790
93
Answer

• 1st national census 4 million population
• R.I. ratifies the Constitution joins the U.S. ?
• Hamilton issued his Report on Public Credit to
  Congress
• B.E. F.A.T.
• Bank of the U.S.
• Excise Tax on whiskey,
• Funding at par (original value of the debt)
• Assumption of state debts
• Tariffs.
• July 16th District of Columbia created.
• Wash. signed bill that permanently placed the
  nations capital along the Potomac River between
  Virginia and Maryland.
• This bill was the Southern states reward in
  exchange for passing the assumption of states
  debts bill.
• Dec. 1790 capital moved from NYC to Philadelphia
  where it remained until 1800.

94
1791
95
Answer

• 1st B.U.S. is chartered by Congress for 20 yrs.
• Ham. wanted a B.U.S. to stabilize the national
  economic system.
• Wash. asks his cabinet for their opinion on the
  B.U.S.!
• Sec. of State Jeff. says it is unconstitutional
  b/c not strictly enumerated.
• Wash. sided with Ham. even though he wasnt
  completely convinced.
• Why? If cant decide, go with the
  person/department involved, they hopefully know
  more.
• In the doctrine of implied powers, Ham. used a
  loose construction of the Constitution to defend
  his proposal for a central BUS. He argued that
  the B.U.S. was a means by which Congress could
  exercise its constitutional power to collect
  taxes and regulate trade.
• According to Ham., b/c that power (trade) is
  specifically enumerated in the Constitution, the
  creation of the BUS was a means toward that end
  thus constitutional.
• 1st Internal Revenue Law passed excise tax on
  whiskey
• Framers in the West HATE the tax b/c they rely on
  distilling whiskey in order to use up surplus rye
  and corn crops. Federal law allows tax agents to
  enter homes and collect taxes from whiskey
  producers!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Miami Indians beat a US military force of 1400
  men led by Gen. St. Clair (900 US lives lost).
  Wash. had sent the Gen. to the Ohio territory
  with the hope that his presence would clear the
  way for US settlers. Oops. ? (Nov.)
• Bill of Rights ratified by 2/3 of the states.
  (Dec.)
• Congress rejects Hamiltons Manufacturing Plan.

96
1st Bank of the United States
97

• The 1st Bank of the United States (B.U.S.) began
  operation in 1791 and was jointly funded by
  private and government monies.
• The Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
  modeled it after the Bank of England as an
  institution meant to promote private commerce and
  support government funding of debts.
• The Bank was the nation's largest business
  enterprise of the time, capitalized at 10
  million. Its shares, at 400 each, sold out
  within hours of being offered to the public on
  the 4th of July.
• By 1805, the Bank had 7 branches which circulated
  an acceptable form of paper currency throughout
  the country, although it was used mainly for
  wholesale rather than retail purchases.
• Critics of the Bank (D-Rs) feared that national
  finances would be controlled by only the very
  wealthy, who owned 80 of the shares, while
  supporters felt it was important to have a bank
  that allowed the federal government ready access
  to large reserves of deposits.
• Thomas Jefferson, who had argued that the Bank
  was unconstitutional, got rid of the remaining
  2,200 shares of government stock in 1802 after
  becoming president.
• Congress allowed the Bank's charter to expire in
  1811 (20 yrs later.)

98
1792
99
Answer

• Jan. Thomas Pinckney appointed 1st US
  Minister/Ambassador to England by Washington.
• Hes told to convey a spirit of sincere
  friendship and
• To seek liberation of US commerce from British
  regulations.
• The Militia Act is passed.
• Passed b/c of growing resistance from Indians in
  the NW Territory.
• It commissioned Gen. Anthony Wayne as Commander
  in Chief of the Army authorized that all white
  males b-w 18 45 be enrolled for military
  service.
• Nov. Wash. re-elected to 2nd term as
  President!!!

100
1793-1797
101
Answer

• George Washingtons 2nd term as President.

102
1793
103
Answer

• Jan. French King Louis XVI beheaded
• April France declares war on England, Spain,
  Prussia Austria.
• France sends over Citizen Genet
• Wash. issues the Neutrality Proclamation
  unilaterally
• Citizen Genet/France angers Wash. threatening our
  neutrality ?
• June Britain blockades French ports to all
  Neutral shipping ?
• spread of D-R clubs freak out Federalists
• July Jefferson turns in his letter of
  resignation after Wash. begins to heed Ham.s
  advise on foreign affairs.
• Not effective until Dec. 31st, though
• Oct. Reign of Terror begins in France (lasts
  until July 1794)
• Nov. Great Britain issues Order of Council that
  allow for the seizure of American ships carrying
  French goods in the West Indies the
  impressments of American sailors.
• England then captures several hundred US vessels
  w/o warning US.
• Jeff. wants a U.S. embargo against Brit. but it
  doesnt happen!!
• Result tension b-w US GB rises to the verge
  of war.
• Dec. Jefferson resigns as Sec. of State Edmund
  Randolph replaces him.
• 1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin
  increasing slave demand in the South

104
1794
105
Answer

• Jan. 1,000 Brit. Soldiers still occupy NW
  Territory violating 1783 Treaty
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• April Senate confirms Wash.s choice of John
  Jay, Chief Justice of S.Ct., as special envoy to
  Britain.
• Jays assignment is to seek British withdrawal
  from the NW Territory, reparations for US ships
  seized by Brit., an end to impressments of US
  sailors, compensation for slaves seized during
  Am. Revolt., restoration of trade rights in the
  West Indies.
• June Neutrality Act passed by Congress.
• The Act forbade US citizens from enlisting in
  service of a foreign gods bans the outfitting
  of armed foreign vessels in US ports.
• July-Nov. Whiskey Rebellion
• Small farmers in western Penn. break into an open
  revolt against a 1791 federal excise tax on
  whiskey producers, comparing the tax to the Stamp
  Act of 1765.
• In response, Wash. calls up 15,000 militia from
  VA, MD, NJ PA. After attempts to reach a
  negotiated settlement fail, he follows Ham.s
  advice orders the militia to forcibly put down
  the rebellion
• Important b/c it displays the use of federal
  power to enforce federal law w/in a state.
• Aug. Battle of Fallen Timber
• Treaty of Greenville

106
1795
107
Answer

• Jan. Naturalization Act passed non-citizens
  must live in US for 5 years before they apply for
  naturalized citizenship.
• Ham. resigns as Sec. of Treasury!!! Still active
  politically influences Wash.
• March Opposition to Jays Treaty after its
  terms become public. D-Rs insist better terms
  could have been reached if embargo had occurred.
• Southern planters angry over not being
  reimbursed for slaves. Northern merchants angry,
  too.
• June Jays Treaty Senate ratifies Wash.
  reluctantly signs. Political humiliation for US ?
• GB agrees to withdraw its troops from NW
  Territory by 1796
• GB agrees to pay US 10 million in reparations
  for seized ships
• GB agrees to open ports in Brit. West Indies to
  very limited US trade.
• US agrees to settle pre-Revolt. War debts owed to
  Brit. creditors
• US agrees to allow Brit. subjects to continue
  trading fur on US soil.
• GB does NOT agree to stop impressing Am.
  Sailors
• France/Spain see this as an act defying
  neutrality Anglo-American Alliance
• NOT TRUE OF COURSE
• Oct. Pickneys Treaty (officially Treaty of San
  Lorenzo) Awesome treaty for US ? It helps US
  gain control over its vast western lands.
• Spain recognizes the Miss. River to be the U.S.
  western border. ?
• Spain recognizes the 31st parallel to be US
  southern border. ?
• Spain gives US right to deposit goods at the Port
  of New Orleans w/o having to pay. ?
• US have access to Miss. River (sharing w/ Spain.)
  ?

108
1796
109
Answer

• Sept. Washingtons Farewell Address
• Madison, Ham. Jay helped him write it.
• Published in the newspaper in Philadelphia
• Announces
• 1. Not running for a 3rd term
• 2. Beware of political factions/parties,
  especially along regional lines
• 3. Protect nations public credit
• 4. Stay clear of permanent foreign political
  alliances isolationalism
• Nov.-Dec. Election of 1796
• 1st election w/ Political Parties Federalists
  pick Adams for Pres. Pinckney for VP D-R pick
  Jefferson for Pres. Burr for VP.
• Choosing b-w Adams Jeff. was like choosing b-w
  the head the heart of the Am. Revolt.
• Mudslinging campaign by party not candidates
• Candidate w/ most electoral votes Pres. 2nd
  place VP regardless of party
• Hamilton (Federalist) tries to manipulate the
  Electoral College so that Pinckney (Federalist)
  becomes President instead of VP and Adams
  (Federalist) becomes VP instead of Pres.
• This backfires Adams wins Presidency BUT
  Jefferson becomes VP instead of Pinckney. (Wash.
  put support behind Adams.)
• So, PresidentAdamsFederalist and
  VPJeffersonD-R

110
1797
111
Answer

• March Adams inaugurated as 2nd Pres. of US ?
• Out of the 1st six presidents, Adams is the only
  one to have a male heir his son becomes Pres.
• Adams asks Jeff. to be his partner as VP part
  of his cabinet. Adams was fighting the
  Federalists for this bipartisan relationship.
  Jeff. refuses. Jeff. Adams stop speaking after
  this. Party politics lines now too strong. ?
• April Relations w/ France deteriorate! ?
  Quasi-War begins!!! ?
• French become enraged when the Anglo-American Jay
  Treaty takes affect b/c it does not guarantee US
  trade rights w/ France. ?
• France begins seizing US ships cargoes ?
• France refuses to receive US minister, Charles
  Cotesworth Pickney, who Pres. Adams had sent to
  Paris to secure friendly relations. ?
• October XYZ Affair
• To avoid a war w/ France over whether the US
  should take Frances side in its war w/ Britain,
  Adams sent a US delegation to France to
  negotiate.
• Frances foreign minister, Tallyrand, sent 3
  agents to greet the US delegation upon arrival.
• The agents asked for a 250,000 bribe a 12
  million dollar loan for the French govt before
  the US delegates could speak w/ Tallyrand.
• Insulted the US delegation returned to the US.
• Adams tried to keep the insult quiet b/c he knew
  Americans would demand war.
• Adams released it to the public though, when
  Jeff. the D-Rs blasted HIM for trying to start
  a war w/ France. However, the names of the 3
  French diplomats were not released Adams used
  the pseudonym XYZ to describe them.
• Public opinion of XYZ then hurt the D-Rs

112
1798
113
Answer

• January 11th Amend. passed
• fedl cts. decide cases involving people from
  diff. states
• May Department of the Navy Provisional Army
  created
• Congress creates Dept. of the Navy in preparation
  for war w/ France.
• Provisional Army (New Army) gave Adams power to
  enlist 10,000 men for service. Authorized Adams
  to instruct commanders of ships-of-war to seize
  armed French vessels attacking US merchants along
  the coast.
• June Naturalization Alien Acts passed by
  Congress.
• Naturalization Act
• Must live 14 years in US declare intent to be
  US citizen 5 years ahead of time.
• Most recent immigrants were D-Rs. ?
• Alien Act granted Adams the power to deport any
  foreigner he deemed potentially dangerous to the
  countrys safety.
• July Adams appoints Washington commanding
  general of the US military. Wash. accepts on the
  condition that Ham. Is appointed 2nd in command.
  ?
• Alien Enemies Act is passed allows the US govt
  to arrest any citizen of an enemy power who
  resides in, or visits the US in times of declared
  war.
• Sedition Act passed virtually nullifies the 1st
  Amend. freedoms of speech press. It makes all
  US citizens subject to fines (up to 5,000) or
  prison if found to be obstructing the
  implementation of federal law, or for publishing
  malicious or false writings against Congress, the
  pres., or the govt.
• Passed by Federalists b/c of D-Rs criticism
• Adams never enthusiastically enforced the Alien
  Acts BUT he his party used the Sedition Act to
  send reporters, newspaper publishers even a
  congressman to jail.
• When Jeffersons president, the D-Rs will repeal
  the Naturalization Act, and the other acts expire
  at the beginning of his presidency. ?
• Sedition Act KILLS Federalist Party. Why? reign
  of witches makes D-Rs arrested into martyrs.
• Became a joke D-R arrested for saying Adams had
  a big butt. Found NOT GUILTY b/c it was true. ?
• D-Rs stood back let the Feds KILL themselves.

114
Answer continued

• Nov.-Dec Kentucky Virginia Resolutions
  statements by these states refusing to enforce
  the acts even threatening to nullify them.
• Ky Resolution Jeff. wrote it in response to the
  Sedition Act.
• States rights argument Sedition Act is
  unconstitutional b/c it violates the natural
  rights of the citizens of each state to control
  their own domestic affairs. (violates 10th
  Amend.)
• Nullification doctrine fedl law can be
  nullified by states. States have the right to
  secede if fedl courts refuse to uphold the
  states decisions.
• KY passes the resolution after deleting the
  nullification section. Too radical. Madison
  collaborates w/ Jeff. convinces him to chill on
  the succession idea.
• Virginia Resolution Madison wrote in response to
  the Sedition Act.
• Sedition Act is unconstitutional b/c it violates
  the 1st freedoms of speech press.
• Judicial Review Fedl Courts should be in
  charge of reviewing laws declaring them
  constitutional or unconstitutional.
• VA, feared a federal attack mobilized its state
  militia after publishing the resolution for a
  possible showdown w/ Adams. Federalist Hamilton,
  now in charge of the federal military was ready
  to send in troops.
• Adams did NOT want a civil war!!!! He looked for
  a political solution decided to make peace w/
  France himself. He ignored Congress, his
  cabinet, and sent one last envoy to France to
  negotiate peace.

115
1799
116
Answer

• Feb. Adams separates from Hamiltonian
  Federalists ?
• US has 1st naval victory in the Quasi-War ?
• March Adams sends envoy to France to have peace
  w/ France not an all-out war.
• Why did he send it?
• 1. Adams hated distrusted Hamilton.
• Ham. manipulated his cabinet against him. ?
• Ham. had convinced the Congress to create a
  dangerous/expensive Provisional Army against
  Adams wishes. Adams loved the Navy.
• If no war w/ France, then Ham.s Provisional Army
  was no longer needed Ham. would lose power
  never be a military dictator. ?
• 2. John Quincy reports from Prussia say Tallyrand
  will receive US with respect eager for peace. ?
• 3. Adams is personally declaring his independence
  from the Federalist Party. Its the
  virtuous/right thing to do its whats best for
  the country.
• Adams will change parties in 1812 b/c of his
  hatred for Ham. betrayal of the Federalists.
  He will become a D-R, and his son will win the
  presidency as a D-R. (1812 Adams will renew
  correspondence/friendship w/ Jeff. as well)
• April-Nov. Adams demobilized the Provisional
  Army.
• Wanted to prevent a confrontation w/ VA.
  Hamilton was furious!!
• Adams fired two members of his cabinet b/c he
  couldnt trust them they were loyal to Hamilton.
  ? Hamilton gets his revenge in the upcoming
  election. ?
• Nov. Napoleon Bonaparte now in control of
  France military dictatorship. ?
• Dec. Washington died at Mount Vernon. ?

117
1800
118
Answer

• Convention of 1800/Treaty of Mortfontaine ends
  Quasi-War and Franco-American Alliance
• Election of 1800 TJ Burr tie
• Revolution of 1800
• We are all federalists, we are all republicans
• Government for the people

119
1803
120
Answer

• Louisiana Purchase Federalists oppose
  establish loose construction of the Constitution
• Marbury vs. Madison - Supreme Court declares
  parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 Supreme
  Court could declare law unconstitutional and
  powers of Court only given in Constitution

121
1807
122
Answer

• Robert Fulton builds his first steamboat.
• Chesapeake-Leopard Incident US ship Leopard
  sunk by Br. for refusal to be searched
• Embargo Act stop exports no war, no
  impressments Federalist object to cut off trade

123
1812-1815
124
Answer

• War of 1812 to protest trade, stop
  impressments, protect mercantilism
• War Hawks want Canada to join
• Hartford Convention Federalist against war in
  New England b/c hurts trade
• Battle of New Orleans

125
1814
126
Answer

• Hartford Convention Federalists against War of
  1812 and mercantile practices of Madison
• Treaty of Ghent ends war with a status-quo
• Era of Good Feelings begins

127
1816
128
Answer

• American Colonization Society founded to
  relocate free blacks to Liberia
• Election of Madison (Rep) vs. King (Fed)
• Henry Clays American System federally founded
  domestic improvements, protective tariff, 2nd
  B.U.S.

129
1817
130
Answer

• Rush-Bagot Agreement demilitarizes the Great
  Lakes

131
1818
132
Answer

• Convention of 1818
• Border between U.S. Canada set at the 49th
  parallel from Great Lakes to the Rocky Mtns
• US Great Britain will share the Oregon country
  for 10 years.

133
1819
134
Answer

• Adams-Onis Treaty
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Tallmadge Amendment

135
1820
136
Answer

• Missouri Compromise Congress legislates
  territory North of 36-30 to be free TERRITORY,
  Maine admitted as free state and Missouri a slave
  state.

137
1823
138

• Monroe Doctrine

139
1824
140

• Tariff of 1824
• Corrupt Bargain 1
• JQAdams elected president by the HR
• Gibbons v. Ogden

141
1825
142

• Erie Canal completed

143
1828
144

• Tariff of 1828 abominations 45
• Jackson v. Clay for president Jackson wins as a
  Democrat ?
• Era of the Common Man or Jacksonian Democracy
  begins

145
1829-1833
146

• Jacksons 1st term
• Re-creation of the two party system
• Spoils System rotation in office
• Cabinet Crisis Peggy Eaton Affair
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)
• Worchester v. GA (1832)

147
1833-1837
148

• Tariff of 1832
• Election of 1832 Jackson v. Clay
• Issue re-chartering the 2nd B.U.S. 4 years
  early. Jackson vetoes Clays bill.
• Bank War (1833)
• Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)

149
1835-1836
150
Answer

• Texas War for Independence Lone Star Republic

151
1837-1841
152
Answer

• Van Burens only term as president
• Panic of 1837
• Independent Treasury System

153
1840-1841
154
Answer

• William Henry Harrison campaigns for pres.
  wins. ?
• Tippecanoe Tyler too
• Log Cabin Hard Cider
• Campaigning for the common mans vote
• Harrison appoints a true Whig cabinet and dies 30
  days later. Tyler assumes the presidency.

155
1841-1845
156
Answer

• Tyler is president.
• Whiggish A Whig only because he hates Jacksons
  stand on nullification. Otherwise he believes
  all the same things as a Democrat.
• Vetoes Clays 3rd BUS, cabinet resigns, man with
  no party
• Webster-Ashburton Treaty
• Texas is annexed into Union at end of his
  administration.

157
1844-1849
158
Answer

• Polk campaigns for president
• Texas C.O.I.L.
• Mexican-American War
• California
• Mexican Cession
• Oregon Treaty (1846)
• Restores Independent Treasury System
• Walker Tariff lowers tariff

159
1846-1848
160
Answer

• 54 40 or Fight Compromise to get Oregon below
  49th parallel w/ Oregon Treaty
• Slidell Mission Slidell sent to negotiate buying
  CA from Mexico rejected by Mexico
• Mexican-American War- Gen. Taylor provokes
  Mexicans by moving into disputed Rio-Grande /
  Neuces River
• Wilmot Proviso no slavery in new states formed
  from Mexican land rejected in Senate b/c
  balanced

161
1848
162
Answer

• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Gold is discovered at Sutter's Mill in
  California.
• Women's Rights Convention is held in Seneca
  Falls, NY headed by Mott and Stanton
• Election of 1848 Taylor (Whig) defeats Cass
  (Dem. father of pop. sovereignty) and Van
  Buren(Free-Soil abolitionists)

163
1849
164
Answer

• California petitions to be a free state.

165
1850
166
Answer

• Clays Compromise of 1850 passes as separate
  acts during Fillmore
• California free state
• Mexican Cession popular sovereignty
• TX get 10 million for Western land
• Slave trade banned in Washington D.C.
• Fugitive Slave Law strengthened
• Clayton Bulwer Treaty U.S. and Britain agree
  to neutrality of a canal in Central America

167
1854
168
Answer

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act - passed to create two
  territories for a north transcontinental RR to go
  to west slavery in territories to be determined
  by popular sovereignty
• Republican Party created North fears overturn of
  Missouri Compromise
• 1854-1859 Bleeding Kansas Topeka (Free
  Soilers) government vs. LeCompton (slavery) gov.
• Ostend Manifesto Southern Democrats plan to
  take Cuba rejected

169
1857
170
Answer

• The Dred Scott decision
• slaves are property to be taken anywhere allows
  for slavery in North
• Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
• Congress can NOT legislate away slavery in a
  territory
• LeCompton Constitution rejected by Congress
  Compromise
• Panic of 1857 depression Buchanan does nothing

171
1858
172
Answer

• Mid-term election.
• Lincoln v. Douglas for Illinois Senate seat
• Debate whether constitutionality of popular
  sovereignty after Dred Scott decision.
• Freeport Doctrine territories and states can
  still vote to not have slavery. This statement
  angers Southern Democrats.

173
1859
174
Answer

• John Browns Raid Harpers Ferry to free slaves

175
1860
176
Answer

• Election
• GOP Lincoln
• Southern Demo. Party Breckinridge
• Northern Demo. Party Douglas
• Constitutional Party Bell
• Lincoln wins South Carolina secedes
• C.S.A. formed

177
1862
178
Answer

• Battle of Antietam
• Lee invades Maryland
• Bloodiest single day battle of Civil War
• Emancipation Proclamation
• African Americans can now join Union military to
  fight. ?
• 54th Massachusetts Regiment

179
1863
180
Answer

• National Banking Act establish central banking
  system
• Draft Riot - NY
• Battle of Gettysburg turning point
• Battle of Vicksburg Grant takes Miss. River
• Lincoln announces "10 Percent Plan" lenient
  plan must swear allegiance to US

181
1864
182
Answer

• Shermans March to the Sea
• Election
• Lincoln v. McClellan

183
1865
184
Answer

• Lincolns 2nd Inaugural Address
• Malice towards none charity towards all
• Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House
  in VA
• Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Boothe
  4/15/1865
• Andrew Johnson becomes president implements his
  reconstruction plan
• 10 13th Amend Presidential pardons for CSA
  officers and people over 20,000

185
1866
186
Answer

• Midterm Elections
• Radical Republicans gain 2/3 majorities in both
  houses of Congress
• Speaker of the House President Pro
• Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner

187
1867
188
Answer

• Military Reconstruction Act
• Tenure of Office Act to protect Sec. of War
  Stanton
• 14th Amendment (?)

189
1868
190
Answer

• AJ is impeached for violating the Tenure of
  Office Act by firing Stanton without the Senates
  approval.
• U.S. Grant is elected president
• New black voters vote for him ?Waving the bloody
  shirt campaign.

191
1869-1877
192
Answer

• Grants 2 terms.
• KKK formed.
• KKK/Force Acts destroy it.
• 15th Amendment
• Scandals
• Credit Mobilier
• Gold Scandal
• Whiskey Ring
• Battle of Little Bighorn (Custers Last Stand)

193
1876
194
Answer

• Battle of Little Bighorn. Custer killed
• U.S. vs. Reese - allows voting qualifications
  literacy test, poll tax, grandfather clause
• Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.
• Election 1876 Hayes (Rep) defeats Tilden (Dem)

195
1877
196
Answer

• Corrupt Bargain 2
• North/GOP Pres. Hayes
• South/Democrats end of military reconstruction
  ? Redeemers take over.
• Great Railroad Strike
• Pres. Hayes deploys military to end strike

197
1890
198
Answer

• North American Women's Suffrage Association is
  founded NAWSA
• Sherman Antitrust Act Trusts in restraint of
  trade are illegal
• 1890-1900 Blacks are deprived of the vote in the
  South.
• Battle of Wounded Knee Indians revolt to
  outlawing the sacred ghost dance Last Indian
  war
• Sherman Silver Purchase Act govt buys silver
  but doesnt coin curb inflation
• McKinley Tariff Act raises tariffs
• Census of 1890 frontier is closed

199
1895
200
Answer

• U.S. vs. E. C. Knight Co. difference between
  manufacturing and commerce manufacturing
  doesnt violate the Sherman Antitrust Act
• In reDebs strikes are a restraint of trade
  under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Pollack vs. Farmers Loan and Trust Co. income
  tax is unconstitutional
• Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise Speech
  both races must accept and help each other
  blacks have to earn rights

201
1896
202
Answer

• Plessy vs. Ferguson Separate but Equal
• Election of 1896 McKinley (Rep) defeats Bryan
  (Dem)
• Cross of Gold Speech by Bryan

203
1898
204
Answer

• Gen. Weylers reconcentration policy in Cuba
• DeLome Letter
• Yellow journalism Pulitzer Hearst
• U.S.S. Maine blows up off coast of Cuba
• Teller Amendment
• Spanish American War
• U.S. annex Hawaii

205
1899
206
Answer

• Treaty of Paris 1899
• U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam buys Philippines
  for 20 million
• Platt Amendment
• Hays Open Door policy announced
• Philippine-American War begins (ends in 1901).

207
1900
208
Answer

• Election McKinley defeats W. Jennings Bryan
  again
• Teddy Roosevelt is McKinleys new VP
• Gold Standard Act gold standard unit of value
• Boxer Rebellion Chinese nationalist rebel
  foreign nations unite to put down rebellion

209
1901-1920
210
Answer

• Progressive Era cure corruption,
  anti-monopolies, temperance, help immigrants and
  labor, building codes, public utilities

211
1901
212
Answer

• US Steel Corporation formed
• Platt Amendment gave US a base in Cuba and
  permission for troops to intervene and consent to
  treaties
• Insular Cases Constitution does not follow the
  flag

213
1906
214
Answer

• Upton Sinclair writes The Jungle
• Promotes meat packing reform resulting in Meat
  Inspection Act
• Gentlemans Agreement
• Japanese can return to integrated schools if
  Japan limits immigration
• T. Roosevelt negotiates Treaty of Portsmouth
• For negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War
• He recei