Unit 3: New Empires and New Faiths

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Unit 3 New Empires and New Faiths

• Ancient Rome (chapters 8 and 9)
• Romans invented concrete and used the arch in
  building
• The Rise of Christianity (chapter 10)
• Christians helped shape the Wests religious
  beliefs
• Islamic Civilization (chapter 11)
• Muslims spread the religion of Islam and invented
  algebra

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Chapter 8 The Rise of Rome

• Katya, Brittany, and Rachel
• Standard 6.7 Students analyze the geographic,
  political, economic, religious, and social
  structures during the development of Rome.

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California State Standards

• 6.7.1 Identify the location and describe the
  rise of the Roman Republic, including the
  importance of such mythical and historical
  figures as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus,
  Cincinnatus, Julius Caesar, and Cicero.
• 6.7.2 Describe the government of the Roman
  Republic and its significance (e.g., written
  constitution and tripartie government, checks and
  balances, civic duty).
• 6.7.3 Identify the location of and the political
  and geographic reasons for the growth of Roman
  territories and expansion of the empire,
  including how the empire fostered economic growth
  through the use of currency and trade routes.
• 6.7.4 Discuss the influence of Julius Caesar and
  Augustus in Romes transition from republic to
  empire.
• 6.7.8 Discuss the legacies of Roman art and
  architecture, technology and science, literature,
  language, and law.
• 7.1.1 Study the early strengths and lasting
  contributions of Rome and its ultimate internal
  weaknesses.

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Location of Rome

• Italy peninsula in Mediterranean region
• Surrounded by mountains and seas
• Mild climate, good farming
• Earliest inhabitants 1500-1000 BCE
• 15 miles upriver from Mediterranean Sea
• 7 hills
• Easy crossing of the Tiber River

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Romes Beginnings

• Historians are not sure how Rome began
• Latins lived in huts on hills (c. 1000 BCE),
  banded together for protection (800-700 BCE)
• Two legends of Romes beginnings
• Romulus and Remus
• Aeneas

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Romulus and Remus

• Traditional story
• Twins abandoned near Tiber River rescued by a
  wolf, raised by a shepherd
• Decided to build city in 753 BCE
• Romulus killed Remus, became first king of Rome

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Aeneas

• Aeneid, epic by Virgil
• After Greek capture of Troy, Aeneas unites
  Trojans and LatinsWeeping, I drew away from
  our old country....I took to the open sea, borne
  outward into exile with my good people, my son,
  my hearth goods, and the greater gods....Now
  making landfall under the southwind there, I
  plotted out on that curved shore the walls of a
  colony--though fate opposed it--and I devised the
  name Aeneadae for the people, from my
  own.-Virgil, Aeneid

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Early Influences

• Greeks
• Olives and grapes alphabet architecture,
  sculpture, and literature
• Etruscans
• After 650 BCE, controlled Rome and most of Latium
• Skilled and rich good military
• Wood and brick houses public buildings
  surrounding central square style of dress army
  model

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Early Roman Republic

• Etruscan rule
• Rome becomes wealthy, powerful
• Romans rebel in 509 BCE, overthrow Tarquins, form
  republic
• Republic a form of government in which the
  leader is put in office by citizens with the
  right to vote
• Citizens have power

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Rome at War

• 200 years of fighting
• 338 BCE, Romans defeated other Latins attacked
  Etruscans
• 284 BCE, Romans defeated Etruscans
• 267 BCE, Romans conqueredGreeks in southern Italy

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The Roman Army

• Early Republic all male citizens who owned land
  later, professional soldiers
• Legions groups of 6000, divided into groups of
  60-120
• Legionary Roman soldier
• Armor made of iron strips joined with leather
• Shield made from wood, covered with leather or
  cloth
• Weapons gladius (short sword) and pilum (spear)

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Roman Confederation

• Some conquered peoples granted full citizenship
• Could vote, serve in government, protected by law
• Others considered allies
• Could run own local affairs, but paid taxes to
  Republic
• Loyal allies could become citizens
• Republic grew strong and unified