UNIT 1: REFORMATION

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Thursday, 1/10/13

• THIS DAY IN HISTORY

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Radical Reformers
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• As the Reformation continued, hundreds of new
  Protestant sects sprang up. These sects often
  had ideas that were even more radical than those
  of Luther and Calvin.
• One radical group, the Anabaptists, rejected
  infant baptism. (They argued that infants are
  too young to understand what it means to accept
  the Christian faith.)
• Reasons for REFORM

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• Some Anabaptists wanted to abolish private
  property.
• Others wanted use violence to speed up
  judgment day.
• Most called for religious tolerance and
  separation of Church and state.
• Despite harsh persecution, these groups
  influenced Protestant thinking in many countries.
  Today, the Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and
  Amish all trace their ancestry to the
  Anabaptists.

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Church of England (The English Reformation

• The Church of England, aka the Anglican Church
  (or Episcopalian Church in the US) was started
  because King Henry VIII wanted to get a divorce
  from his wife Catherine of Aragon. But the
  Catholic Church did not grant divorces.
• Henry VIII created a new Church in 1534 based on
  the same doctrine as the Catholic Church but that
  allowed divorces. He then married Anne Boleyn.

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• Henrys oldest daughter under his marriage with
  Catherine was named Mary. His daughter with Anne
  was named Elizabeth.
• When Henry died, Mary was the rightful heir of
  the English crown. She had remained Catholic and
  so when she came into power, she tried to do away
  with the newly created Church of England.
• Queen Mary I, who succeeded him, returned England
  again to the authority of the Pope, thereby
  ending the first attempt at an independent Church
  of England. During Mary's reign, many leaders and
  common people were burnt for their refusal to
  recant of their reformed faith. These are known
  as the Marian martyrs and the persecution has led
  to her nickname of "Bloody Mary".

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• Mary also died childless and so it was left to
  the new regime of her half-sister Elizabeth to
  resolve the direction of the church.
• For years, Elizabeth had survived court
  intrigues, including the religious swings under
  Edward (yes, Henry did eventually have a son!)
  and Mary. As queen, Elizabeth had to determine
  the future of the Church of England. She slowly
  enforced a series of reforms that later were
  called the Elizabethan settlement.

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• The settlement under Elizabeth I (from 1558), was
  known as the Elizabethan settlement. The queens
  policies were a compromise, or acceptable middle
  ground, between Protestant and Catholic
  practices.
• The Church continued to thrive under Queen
  Elizabeth and has remained, even today, as the
  official church of the country of England.

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England and the Church
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In 1528, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul,
or cancel, his marriage.
The pope refused Henrys request.
Henry took the Church from the popes control and
created the Church of England.
Protestant King Edward VI brought Protestant
reforms to England.
Queen Mary wanted to restore Catholicism to
England. She had hundreds of English Protestants
burned at the stake.
Queen Elizabeth forged a compromise between
Protestants and Catholics.
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• English Reformation

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Counter Reformation

• The Counter Reformation is also known as the
  Catholic Reformation. It was started because Pope
  Paul III wanted to reform the Catholic Church so
  that people would quit leaving the Catholic
  Church and becoming Protestant.
• The movement was started by a meeting of Church
  officials in something called the Council of
  Trent.

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• Pope Paul III set out to revive the moral
  authority of the Church and roll back the
  Protestant tide. To accomplish these goals, he
• Called for The Council of Trent to establish the
  direction that reform should take
• (1545) met off and on for almost 20 years
• Took steps to end abuses in the church
• Established schools to better educate clergy to
  challenge Protestant teachings

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Strengthened Inquisition

• Strengthened the Inquisition (whats that?)
• A Church court set up during the Middle Ages
• Used secret testimony, torture, and execution to
  root out heresy
• Prepared the Index of Forbidden Books (a list of
  works considered too immoral or irreligious for
  Catholics to read)

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Jesuits

• Recognized a new religious order, the Jesuits,
  (Society of Jesus) to combat heresy and spread
  the Catholic faith.
• Many daring Jesuits disguised themselves and
  ventured into Protestant lands to minister to the
  spiritual needs of Catholics

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Effects of the Protestant Reformation
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Immediate Effects
Long-Term Effects
Religious wars in Europe Catholic
Reformation Strengthening of the
Inquisition Jewish migration to Eastern
Europe Increased antisemitism
Peasants Revolt Founding of Lutheran,
Calvinist, Anglican, Presbyterian, and other
Protestant churches Weakening of Holy Roman
Empire Luther calls for Jews to be expelled from
Christian lands
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Widespread Persecution
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• During this period of heightened religious
  passion, both Catholics and Protestants fostered
  intolerance.
• Catholics killed Protestants and Protestants
  killed Catholics.

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• Between 1450 and 1750, tens of thousands of
  people, mostly women, died as victims of witch
  hunts.
• In some places, Jews were forced to live in
  ghettos, or separate quarters of the city. In
  other places, they were expelled from Christian
  lands and their books and synagogues were burned.
  

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Major European Religions about 1600
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• Which English monarch had thousands of
  Protestants burned at the stake?
• a) Elizabeth
• b) Mary
• c) Henry VIII
• d) Edward VI
• Which of the following was not an effect of the
  Protestant Reformation?
• a) the Catholic Reformation
• b) Increased anti-Semitism
• c) religious wars in Europe
• d) the invention of the printing press

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• Which English monarch had thousands of
  Protestants burned at the stake?
• a) Elizabeth
• b) Mary
• c) Henry VIII
• d) Edward VI
• Which of the following was not an effect of the
  Protestant Reformation?
• a) the Catholic Reformation
• b) Increased anti-Semitism
• c) religious wars in Europe
• d) the invention of the printing press