FDR and the Shadow of War

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FDR and the Shadow of War
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Totalitarianism

• A political system in which the government
  exercises complete control over its citizens
  lives

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Fascism

• Advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic
  government headed by a dictator

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Nazism

• Based on extreme nationalism, racism, and
  militaristic expansionism-that Adolf Hitler put
  into practice in Germany

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Appeasement

• Satisfying the demands of an aggressor nation in
  order to avoid war

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Isolation

• By 1934 U.S. still trying maintain isolation
• U.S. agrees to gradually give Philippines their
  independence
• U.S. recognizes the Soviet Union in hopes of
  opening trade and scaring Japan

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Good Neighbor Policy

• U.S. scared of fascism and socialism creeping
  into Latin America
• FDR renounced U.S. military action to control
  Latin American countries
• U.S. image improves image in L.A.

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Adolf Hitler

• Took advantage of resentment of losing WWI and
  Treaty of Versailles
• Calls the new German empire the Third Reich

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Joseph Stalin

• Communist leader who transformed the Soviet Union
  into an industrial giant

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Benito Mussolini

• Fascist leader who made Italy a world economic
  power

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Munich Pact

• Hitler wants more territory and invades
  Czechoslovakia
• Great Britain and France allows Hitler to retain
  part of Czechoslovakia
• Hitler promises not to take anymore land

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Munich Pact

• Hailed as an example of avoiding war and creating
  peace
• Really an example of appeasement

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Ethiopia

• Mussolini invades Ethiopia in 1935
• League of Nations imposes economic sanctions, but
  were ignored
• Germany supports Italy
• League of Nations proves powerless

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Nye Committee

• Formed to investigate whether or not major
  corporations pushed America into WWI in order to
  raise profits
• Found not to be true but the press took it and
  ran with the story
• Furthered American isolation

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Neutrality Acts

• 1935-37 laws enacted to prevent U.S. arms sales
  and loans to nations at war

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Spanish Civil War

• Francisco Franco led a rebellion against the U.S.
  backed government
• Aided by Nazi Germany Spain fell to fascism while
  America stood by and watched

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Quarantine Speech

• 1937, after Japan invaded China
• Roosevelt condemns aggressor nations
• Calls for nations to isolate aggressive nations
  in order to protect democracy

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Non-Aggression Pact

• Signed between Hitler and Stalin
• Stated that Germany and Soviet Union would not
  attack each other
• Hitler violates pact in 1941 when Germany invades
  the Soviet Union

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Poland

• 1939, Germany violates Munich Pact and invades
  Poland
• World War II has now begun

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In the Beginning

• Germany uses blitzkrieg, lightning war, against
  European foes
• France falls in 1940 and Germany looks
  unstoppable

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Battle of Britain

• Hitler decides to try and invade Great Britain
• Germans use continuous bombings of London for
  57days
• British were able to fight off Germany and be
  safe from invasion

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Roosevelt Breaks Tradition

• 1940, FDR breaks tradition after his second term
  as president to run for a third term as President
  of the U.S.

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Lend-Lease Act

• 1941, law that allowed the U.S. to ship arms and
  other supplies, without immediate payment, to
  nations fighting the Axis Powers

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The Atlantic Charter

• 1941, a declaration of principles in which the
  U.S. and Great Britain set forth their goals
  opposing the Axis Powers

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Roosevelts Four Freedoms

• Freedom from fear
• Freedom from want
• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Became the guideline for US foreign policy

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December 7, 1941 Japan attacks the U.S. Navy base
at Pearl Harbor