Unit V: 1914

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Unit V 1914 Present

• Why 1914?
• World War (Decline of Empires)
• Decolonization New Nations
• Cold War Conflicts
• Globalization

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Causes of WWI

• M Militarism
• A Alliances
• I Imperialism
• N Nationalism
• Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

THE SPARK!
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Europe in 1914
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World War I

• Total War Effort women colonial soldiers
• Machine guns, subs, planes, tanks, trench warfare
  major death destruction
• Financial strain on empires
• New nation-states formed (Palestinians, Jews,
  Arabs, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)
• Treaty of Versailles

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The Treaty of Versailles
Lasting-Peace
Causes of WW II
-Creation of League of Nations
-Germany pays reparations
-Arms Limitation
-No secret alliances
-Germany lost Territory
-Poland is created
-Great Depression
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New Map of Europe
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Acts of Aggression Lead to WWII
Country Area Attacked
Japan Manchuria, China
Italy Ethiopia
  Austria
Germany Czechoslovakia
  Poland (1939)
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AXIS POWERS
-Adolf Hitler re-armed Germany into a modern war
machine - Italian dictator Benito Mussolini
Both Fascist allies
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APPEASEMENT OF HITLER
My good friends I have returned form Germany
bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace
for our time Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.
An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping
it will eat him last. - Winston Churchill
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German Blitzkreig of Europe
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Japanese Aggression in Pacific

• Bombing of Pearl Harbor
• Japanese imperial expansion

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Turning Points Africa Italy
Operation Overlord (D-Day), 1944
Invasion of Sicily and Italy, 1943
Operation Torch, 1942-43
El Alamein, 1942-43
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August 6, 1945 U.S. dropped atomic bomb on
Hiroshima
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Democracy in Japan

• 7 yr. U.S. occupation
• new Constitution democratic govt

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Impacts of World War II
1. Decolonization Creation of 3rd World
countries
2. The Cold War Bipolar World of US vs. USSR
(arms race, proxy wars, space race, containment)
3. United Nations
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20th-cen. Revolutions

• Rural peasants

• Rapid Industrialization

• Corrupt political systems

• Foreign intervention

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Mexican Revolution (1911-1917)
Tierra y Libertad
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Changes

• 1917 Constitution
• Land redistribution for peasants
• Universal voting
• Educational reforms for boys/girls
• Workers unions
• Single-party dominance by PRI

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Russian Revolution

• Peace, Bread, Land
• 1. 1917 oust Czar
• Communist Bolshevik party takes power (Lenin as
  leader)
• 3. Lenin industrializes U.S.S.R. w/ the New
  Economic Policy

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Effects

• Capital moved to Moscow

• Authoritarian dictatorship (Stalins 5-Year
  Plans industrialized military)

• Supported Communist movements around world

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Chinese Revolutions
1911 Qing Dynasty overthrown Sun Yat-Sen
Father of Modern China 1st democratically
elected leader
Mao Zedong 1949 Communist Revolution defeats
Chiang Kaishek (flees to Taiwan)
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How do these paintings demonstrate how Mao was
successful at gaining power in China?
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Cuban Revolution

• 1959 Castro seized power
• Tried to spread Communism
• allied w/ Soviets

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CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (1962 )
Soviet missiles w/ nukes on island
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Iranian Revolution
1953 Shah Mohammad Reza took power
1979 - Ayatollah Khomenini ousted Shah
- 1st Islamic Fundamentalist govt - Hostage
Crisis 55 Americans held in Tehran -
1980-1988 Iraq-Iran War
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Decolonization Movements

• Anti-colonial nationalism after 1945
• Violent Revolutions Civil War
• China, Algeria, Vietnam, Palestinians
• Non-Violent Independence India, Ghana, Turkey
• Both Kenya, Egypt, South Africa

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Palestine Israel
Violent Movements

• 1917 Balfour Declaration promised a Jewish state
  
• 1948 Israel created

Algeria

• 1954-1962 FLN rebels against French
• Arab nationalism
• FLN used terrorist tactics

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India
Non-Violent Movements

• Indian National Congress (1885) Elite, educated
• Indian national consciousness
• Gandhi prevented violence
• - boycotts Salt March, Homespun Movement
• Muslims led by Jinnah (Muslim League) insisted
  on separate Hindu Muslim states
• 1947 Partition of India Pakistan

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De-colonization in Africa

• Ghanaled by western- educated Kwame Nkrumah
• Kenya Jomo Kenyatta used non-violent protests

• Africa for Africans
• Pan-Africanism
• African National Congress

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Decolonization of Africa
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Egypt

• 1952 coup by Nasser
• 1956 Suez Canal nationalized
• Nasser symbol of pan-Arab nationalism

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South Africa

• Dutch Afrikaner dominated
• Apartheid separation of blacks
• 1994 Nelson Mandela 1st Black Pres,

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What do all of these men have in common?
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Cold War

• Capitalist vs. Communism
• Each provided arms to allies
• proxy wars (Nicaragua, Afghanistan)
• arms race

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U.S. COLD WAR POLICIES
1. CONTAINMENT block Soviet influence
2. TRUMAN DOCTRINE monetary support to allies
SOVIET RESPONSE
1. W. E. Germany
2. BERLIN WALL (1961)
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THE IRON CURTAIN
Soviet-occupied E. Europe
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the
continent.
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ARMS RACE

• Massive military buildup

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SPACE RACE

• USSR 1957 Sputnik
• U.S. NASA
• 1961 USSR 1st in space
• 1969 U.S. 1st on moon

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PEOPLE OF THE COLD WAR
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Vietnam

• Anti-French rebellion
• Ho Chi Minh educated Communist leader
• U.S. involvement

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Fall of USSR

• Gorbachev economic political opening up
  (Glasnost Perestroika)

• China still Communist under Deng ONLY slow
  economic reforms

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Global Economics

• North (rich) South (poor)
• Asian Tigers
• Singapore, S. Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
• Globalization
• NAFTA W.T.O.
• Response to Globalization?

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Globalization
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International Terrorism
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Genocide
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Social Reforms

• Rise of Feminism (suffrage for women)
• Civil rights movements

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Environmental Issues

• Green Revolution food
• Deforestation, global warming

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World Population