Europe 1914

1
Europe 1914
2
World War I

• 1914-1918

3
UNDERLYING CAUSES

• Nationalism
• Emerged in 1800s nationalities calling for
  political unity / independence
• Imperialism
• Colonization of Africa, Asia, etc. had led to
  conflicts
• Militarism
• Glorification of armed strength
• Late 1800s large well trained armies
• If one nation mobilized others followed suit

4
4. Alliance System
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
G.B
Germany
France
A-H
Italy
Russia
5
Germany Looking for protection?

• Bismarck feared France would seek revenge
• 1871 Franco-Prussian War
• 1881 Three Emperors League Germany, A-H,
  Russia
• Stay neutral
• 1882 Triple Alliance Ger, A-H, Italy
• 1887 Reinsurance Treaty w/ Russia

6
Putting together the Triple Entente

• France now looking for assistance
• 1894 France Russia ally together
• G.B. angered by German naval build-up
• 1907 Triple Entente GB, Russia, France
• Italy has their hand in both cookie jars

7
Europe 1914
8
Balkans - The Powder Keg

• Serbia independent hoped to join with
  Bosnia-Herzegovina
• 1908 A-H annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Germany supported A-H
• Russia supported Serbia
• Pan Slavism

9
The Spark

• June 28, 1914
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to A-H)
  assassinated in Sarajevo
• Gavrilo Princip Serbian Nationalist Black
  Hand - assassin

10
Make a Prediction.

• Because of the assassination of Archduke Franz
  Ferdinand, which of the 4 M.A.I.N causes leads
  Europe into the Great War?
• EXPLAIN!

11
The Ultimatum

• A-H looked for punishment
• Needed Germanys approval (support) blank check
  
• A-H gives Ultimatum to Serbia
• A-H demanded Serbia get rid of any anti
  Austria-Hungary books, teachers, groups,
  officials etc.
• Allow Austrian officials to conduct investigation
  
• If not..face military action
• Serbia refuses to meet all demands
• July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on
  Serbia

12
A CHAIN REACTION

• Russia begins to mobilize support Serbia
• August 1 Germany declares war on Russia
• August 3 - Germany declares war on France
• Belgium stays neutral
• August 4. 1914 Germany rolls into Belgium to
  get to France
• G.B declared war on Germany

13
The Schlieffen Plan

• Germans fearful of fighting a 2 front war
• Attack France 1st
• Russia less industrialized (gt railroads)
• take longer to mobilize their army.
• Plan Attack France through Belgium

14
European Nations Take Sides

• The Allied Powers
• (Allies)
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
• ___________________
• Japan
• Italy
• U.S (not till 1917)

• The Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• ___________________
• Bulgaria
• Ottoman Empire

15
(No Transcript)
16
Allies in Green / Central Powers in Orange
17
A Multi-Front War
18
The Western Front

• The Germans Schlieffen Plan successful at first
• Sept. 5th Allies attack Germans in the First
  Battle of Marne
• After 4 days Germans retreat
• First Battle of Marne most important event of
  war??
• War on the Western Front -- STALEMATE

19
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
20
The Eastern Front

• Fought along the German/Russian Boarder
• More mobile then W. Front
• Germans move through Russia
• Russia
• Weakness less industrialized
• Strength Numbers

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
New Advancements in Warfare andLife in the
Trenches

• Read through the packet
• Create a Journal First person
• 3 days 3 Entries
• 7-8 sentences each
• Detailing life in the trenches new weapons
  used. use info from the packet.
• 30 pts. total

28
October 31, 1914 Ypres, France I bade farewell
to my right leg, and to my career as a soldier,
outside a trench at Gheluvelt, near Ypres, on
October 29th, 1914.  In the First Battle of Ypres
the British were out-numbered by seven to one. 
On the previous evening we took over trenches -
not deep or elaborate ones - from an English
regiment.
Journals due on Weds 2/12
29
Global War

• The Allies Looking to end the stalemate
• Attack the Dardanelles (O.E)
• Gateway to Constantinople
• Goals
• Defeat the Turks
• Supply line to Russia

Failure 250,000 Casualties
30
Global War cont.

• Southwest Asia
• British soldier T.E. Lawrence
• Lawrence of Arabia
• Guerrilla raids against the Turks
• Baghdad
• Jerusalem
• Damascus

31
Global War cont.

• Germanys Colonies
• Asia Africa
• Japanese
• Outpost in China
• Pacific Islands
• English/French
• Seize 3 of the 4 German African colonies

• British/French Recruit men from Colonies
• Troops
• Laborers
• Supplied front lines

Hoped to gain independence after the War.
32
Total War

• A war in which nations turn all their resources
  to the war effort became known as total war.
• Soldiers were drafted civilians. (conscription)
• Men who were not drafted, as well as women,
  worked in arms factories.

33
Total War cont.

• Rationing people could only buy small amounts
  of items that were needed for the war effort.
• Examples
• Butter
• Shoe leather
• Bread

MEATLESS MONDAY WHEATLESS WEDNESDAY
34
Total War cont.
35
Total War cont.
36
DO WE STILL USE PROPAGANDA?

• Can you think of any examples???

37
The U.S Enters the War

• Read pgs. 754-755 The U.S Enters the War (Blue
  Books)
• Create a cause an effect chart

Event Cause Effect
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
The Lusitania
Zimmerman Note
38
Revolution in Russia

• Incompetent generals/corruption/lack of food
• Riots erupt in St. Petersburg
• Tsar is overthrown
• Lenin came to power
• Treaty of Brest - Litovsk
• Signed with Germany March 1918
• Russia Withdrew from the war!!!
• Germany turns its effort to the Western Front

39
Final Days of War

• July 1918 Allies and Germans fight the Second
  Battle of Marne
• Germans advance Miles from Paris
• With the help of American Troops the Allies
  defeat the Germans.
• Nov. 9. 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II forced to step
  down
• Armistice (agreement to stop fighting) is signed
• WWI ends on Nov. 11, 1918

40
Assignment

• In your textbook read Making Peace on pages
  834-838.
• Complete the Note Taking Study Guide WKST.
• IF NOT COMPLETED IN CLASS IT IS HOMEWORK!
• Happy Friday ?

41
Assignment

• In your textbook read The Fourteen Points on
  page 833.
• What are the terms of the 14 Point Plan?
• What does Wilson want for Eastern Europe?

42
The Fourteen Point Plan

• Woodrow Wilson US President
• List his terms for resolving this and future wars
• Freedom of the seas
• Free trade
• Large scale reductions of arms
• End secret treaties

• Eastern Europe Self-determination (the right of
  people to choose their own govt.
• League of Nations keep Peace

43
The Treaty of Versailles

• Read The Treaty of Versailles
• Highlight key terms of the treaty
• Answer the 10 questions on the back on a separate
  sheet of paper.

44
THE BIG THREE

• France
• Who?
• What does he want?

• The United States
• Who?
• What does he want?

• Great Britain
• Who?
• What does he want?

USE PAGE -- 836 in your textbook!
45
Map Exercise

• Study the two maps on pg. 837
• Answer questions 1-3

Write a paragraph explaining what changed. Make
sure you include ? New countries created ? Which
countries have changed ? Why you think the
changes were made ? Why the changes might upset
Germany even more