UNIT 4 REVIEW

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UNIT 4 REVIEW
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WHAT IS POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
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Political Geography

• Study of human political organization of the
  earth at various geographic levels.

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KEY TERMS
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Territoriality

• Control over a space and the assumption of
  ownership to that space.

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Sovereignty

• Internationally recognized control of a state
  over the people and territory within its
  boundaries.

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State

• Political unit with a permanent population,
  territorial boundaries recognized by other
  states, an effective government, a working
  economy, and sovereignty.

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Nation

• Group of people who share a common culture and
  identify as a cohesive group.

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Stateless Nation

• Nation without territory to call its own

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Nation-state

• State containing one nation, a cohesive group of
  people linked to their territory through a shared
  government and common goals.

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Satellite State

• Country controlled by a more powerful state.

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Centripetal Force

• Force that unifies a states people and regions.

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Centrifugal Force

• Force that divides a states people and regions.

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Federal Government Structure

• Organizational structure with a central
  government that shares power with strong regional
  governments.

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Unitary Governmental Structure

• Organizational structure in which one main
  governmental decision-making body exists for the
  entire state. Regions within the country may have
  their own local governments, but they are weak
  and usually serve only as administrative organs
  of the primary government based in the countrys
  capital.

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Gerrymandering

• Redrawing electoral boundaries to give one
  political party an advantage over others.

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BOUNDARIES
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Physical (or natural) political boundary

• Political boundary that separates territories
  according to natural features in the landscape,
  such as mountains, deserts, or rivers.

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Superimposed Boundary

• Boundary forcibly put on a landscape by outsiders.

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Relict Boundary

• Boundary that no longer functions as a boundary
  but only as a reminder of a line that once
  divided space.

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SHAPES OF STATES

• LOOK AT PG. 180 IN YOUR TEST PREP BOOK

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SOUTH AFRICA-PERFORATED
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RWANDA-COMPACT
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THAILAND-PRORUPTED
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CHILE-ELONGATED
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INDONESIA-FRAGMENTED
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Colonialism

• Control by a developed state over an
  underdeveloped area.

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COLONIAL POSSESSIONS IN 1914
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Imperialism

• The process of establishing political, social,
  and economic dominance over a colonized area

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Supranationalism

• Growing trend of three or more countries forming
  an alliance for cultural, economic, and political
  situation.

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EXAMPLES OF SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

• United Nations
• NATO
• Warsaw Pact
• European Union
• NAFTA

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Devolution

• Process of transferring some power from the
  central government to regional governments.

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Balkanization

• Division of a region or state into smaller units,
  usually along ethnic lines.

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THEORIES
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Dependency Theory

• According to this theory, former colonies in
  South America, Africa, and Asia have not been
  able to heal from imperial domination and are
  still dependent on their former European
  colonizers.

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Mackinders Heartland Theory

• Geopolitical theory that Eurasia was the world
  island and the key to dominating the world.
  Ruling this world island required controlling
  eastern Europe linked to the domino theory.

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Rimland Theory

• Nicolas Spykmans theory defining the rimland to
  be all of Eurasias periphery, not its core of
  Russia and Central Asia. This rimland was the key
  to controlling the world island.

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