Reformation

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Reformation
The Bangles - Manic Monday - Official Music Video
- YouTube

• Martin Luther ("Manic Monday" by the Bangles) -
  YouTube

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Reformation

• Causes of Reformation
• Social
• Renaissance values led people to question the
  Church.
• Printing press.
• Political
• Powerful monarchs challenged the Church.
• Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler
  and challenged authority.
• Economic
• Jealous of Churchs wealth.
• Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the
  Church.
• Religious
• Church leaders became corrupt.
• Sale of indulgences

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Objectives

• Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation
  include the ideas of Martin Luther.
• Describe the English Reformation and the role of
  Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.

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Martin Luther

• Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
• Father encouraged him to study law
• A sudden religious experience inspired him to
  become a monk

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• He became troubled over the possibility of not
  going to heaven
• He turned to the Bible, and confession for
  comfort
• In the Bible he found the answer he was looking
  for

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ROMANS 117
The righteous will live by faith. Luther
realized that only faith (in the ultimate
goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a
person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save
a person if they did not believe.
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The SPARK of the Reformation

• Sale of Indulgences
• Johan Tetzel construction of Saint Peters
  Basilica in Rome

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Martin Luther

• Took action against Friar Tetzel.
• Wrote the 95 Theses
• Teachings rested on three main ideas
• People could win salvation only by faith in Gods
  gift of forgiveness.
• All church teachings should be clearly based on
  the words of the Bible.
• All people with faith were equal.
• Martin Luther's 95 theses movie scene - YouTube

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Luther's 95 Theses

• Posted his 95 Theses on Wittenburg Church doors
  in Germany
• Gutenburgs Printing Press Made it possible for
  Luther to spread his beliefs
• Gained support from people and criticism from
  Church

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Luther's 95 Theses

• Pope Leo X Tried to silence Luther
• Issue a Papal Bull

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Pope Leo X (Medici)

• He was the Pope during the height of the
  corruption

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Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders
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The Reformation

• Charles V steps in (Pope Leo powerless to stop
  Luther).
• Why does he want to stop Luther?
• Luther summoned to Worms to stand trial for his
  teachings Diet of Worms
• Luther was asked to recant (take back) what he
  had said and written
• What does Luther do?

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Diet of Worms
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The Reformation

• Charles V Issued the Edict of Worms
• Edict of Worms
• Luther is officially excommunicated
• Declared an outlaw and a heretic
• What is a heretic?

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Protestant Reformation in Germany

• Lutheranism
• Peasants revolt
• Luther opposed revolt.
• Princes armies killed
• 100,000 people.
• Many peasants rejected
• Luthers religious leadership.

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Germany at War

• Northern German princes supported Lutheranism.
• Charles V went to war against Protestant princes.
• 1547 failed to force them back to Catholicism.
• 1555 signed Peace of Augsburg.

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Pop-Quiz

1. What was the main practice of the Church that
   Luther was so upset about?
2. What did Luther write criticizing the Church?
3. What did those who went against the Church begin
   to call themselves?
4. Name the new religion formed that first broke
   away from Catholic church?

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England becomes Protestant

• Henry VIII wants a son
• Parliament passes a set of laws known as
  Reformation Parliament.
• Ended popes power in England.
• HORRIBLE HISTORIES - The Wives of Henry VIII
  (Terrible Tudors) - YouTube

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From his marriages, Henry had 3 children who
lived Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.
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England becomes Protestant

• Consequences of Henrys changes
• Edward VI
• Too young when he took the throne
• Guided by Protestant advisers
• Reigned for six years

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England becomes Protestant

• Mary
• Catholic
• Returned English Church to the rule of the pope
• Protestants were executed

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England becomes Protestant

• Elizabeth
• Restores Protestantism
• 1559, set up the Church of England, or Anglican
  Church

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Objectives

• Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation
  include the ideas of John Calvin.
• Describe the Counter Reformation (Catholic
  Reformation) at the Council of Trent and the role
  of the Jesuits.

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Calvinism

• Religious reform began in Switzerland.
• John Calvin (French follower of Luther)
• Published Institutes of the Christian Religion in
  1536.
• Predestination

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Calvinism Spreads

• John Knox
• Scottish preacher who admired Geneva
• Put Calvins ideas to work
• Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians
• Huguenots
• Calvins followers in France
• Hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to
  violence
• Estimated as many as 12,000 Huguenots were killed.

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Other Protestant Reforms

• Anabaptists
• Rebaptized
• Taught that Church and state should be separate
• Refused to fight in wars
• Both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them

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Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)

• Movement to help Catholics remain loyal within
  the Catholic Church
• Important leaders
• Ignatius of Loyola
• Founded new religious orders
• Pope Paul III and Paul IV
• Took action to reform and renew the Church within

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Ignatius

• Wrote Spiritual Exercises in 1522
• Jesuits
• Focused on three activities
• (1) schooling
• (2) mission to convert non-Christians to
  Catholicism
• (3) stop the spread of Protestantism

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Pope Paul III

• Took four important steps
• (1) Directed a council of cardinals to
  investigate indulgence selling and other abuses
  in the Church
• (2) Approved the Jesuit order
• (3) Used the Inquisition to seek out heresy in
  papal authority
• (4) Called a council of church leaders to meet in
  Trent

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Pope Paul III

• Council of Trent
• Agreed on several doctrines
• Churchs interpretation of the Bible was final
• Christians needed faith and good works of
  salvation
• Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful
  authorities for guiding Christian life
• Indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but
  false selling of indulgences were banned.

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Pope Paul IV

• Index of Forbidden books
• Ordered bishops to gather the offensive books and
  burn them
• In Venice alone followers burned 10,000 books in
  1 day.

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Legacy of Reformation

• Ended Christian unity in Europe
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93
  /Reformation.gif
• Europe was left culturally divided
• Religious and social effects
• Protestant churches flourished
• Roman Catholic Church became more unified
• Both Catholics and Protestants gave more emphasis
  to role of education
• Political effects
• Individual monarchs and states gained power
• Laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment.