Review the Animal Kingdom

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Review the Animal Kingdom

• 4 Major Characteristics?
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophs
• Cells lack cell walls

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7 Essential Functions?

• Feeding
• Respiration
• Circulation
• Excretion

• Response
• Movement
• Reproduction

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Trends in Animal Evolution

• Cell specialization and levels of organization?
• Early development?
• Body symmetry?
• Cephalization?
• Coelom?

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Hard Shells
Fur Milk Glands
Amniotic Egg
Lungs
Bony Skeleton
jaws
Brain Encased Skull
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The Anatomy of a Sponge
Water flow
Osculum
Collar Cell
Central cavity
Pores
Spicule
Pore cell
Pore
Epidermal cell
Archaeocyte
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Cnidarians have two body forms
Polyp - stationary, vase-shaped
Medusa - swimming, cup-shaped
Examples hydra, coral, sea anemone
Examples jellyfish, portuguese man of war
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Ecology of Sponges

• Ideal habitats for marine animals such as snails,
  sea stars, sea cucumbers, and shrimp
• Mutually beneficial relationships with bacteria,
  algae and plant-like protists

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Ecology of Cnidarians

• A. Source of new drugs/chemicals ?sunscreen 855
• B. Provide habitats for marine organisms
• C. Source of food for other organisms (like sea
  turtles)
• D. Symbiotic relationships with other organisms

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3 Groups of Worms?

• Flatworms
• Roundworms
• Segmented Worms
• What do all 3 groups have in common?
• Bilateral symmetry, cephalization, sexual
  reproduction, true organs,

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Flatworm adaptation?

• Simplest animals to have bilateral symmetry and
  cephalization.

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Roundworm Adaptation?

• First animals to have a one way digestive system
  with mouth and anus
• First animals to have a fluid filled body cavity
  called a pseudocoelom- false body cavity

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Segmented Worm Adaptation?

• First animals to have true circulatory system
  and coelom body cavity.

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Examples of Mollusks?
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Major Advancement?

• Well developed nervous system

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4 parts to body?

• muscular and modified in each group used for
  crawling, burrowing, or may form tentacles for
  capturing prey
• thin layer that covers most of the body and
  secretes the shell
• made of calcium carbonate for protection
• area where internal organs are located.

• 1. Foot-
• 2. Mantle (covering)
• 3. Shell
• 4. Visceral mass

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Classification of Mollusks?

• Classified into three common groups based on
  shell presence and type and foot modification
• 1. Gastropods
• 2. Bivalves
• 3. Cephalopods

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Echinoderms Adaptations

• Water Vascular System
• Radial symmetry
• Spiny Skin

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Types of Echinoderms

• Sea Stars
• Brittle Stars
• Sea Urchins
• Sand Dollars
• Sea Cucumbers

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Name characteristics of the arthropod phyla

• Jointed appendages
• Body segments
• Exoskeleton
• Bilateral symmetry
• Reproduce sexually

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5 classes of arthropods
Millipedes
Arachnids
Crustaceans
Centipedes
Insects
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Why are insects so successful?

• The ability to fly
• Rapid reproduction
• Waterproof exoskeleton
• Variety of food sources
• Small size

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A dramatic life form change from larvae to adult
stages

• Metamorphosis

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Animal Behaviors

• II. Innate Behavior behavior that doesnt
  depend on learning experience
• Examples babies cry, whales swim, Frogs jump.

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Innate behaviors
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• III. Learned behavior behavior that is learned
  from experience or observation
• ex language in humans, reading, a dog
  learning tricks, using tools

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Learned Behaviors
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I. Survival Behaviors

• Obtaining Food Hunting, Scavenging, Gathering
• Predator/Prey Relationships Predators hunt/
  Prey have behaviors to avoid being eaten

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1. Camouflage Prey blends in to avoid being eaten
2. Defense - tools/behaviors ex porcupine quills,
   skunks odor
3. Warning Coloration bright colors/patterns warns
   predators of toxins or poisons

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IV. Seasonal behavior behaviors that animals
exhibit during certain times of the year

1. Migration long distance travel to find food,
   water, safe nesting ground
2. Hibernation period of inactivity and decreased
   body temperature survive on stored body fat
3. Estivation reduced activity in summer common
   in desert animals

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V. Communication When animals signal other
animals

• Purpose courtship (trying to find a mate),
  defending territory, warning other members of
  species of danger, where to find food

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• B. Types of Communication
• Pheremones chemical communication usually
  smells. Ex dog urinates to mark territory
• Hearing sound communication. Ex whales click,
  birds sing, dogs bark and howl
• Sight visual communication. Ex body language
  in humans, color displays of birds, lizards open
  a flap of colored skin on the neck
• Touch physical communication. Ex bees touch
  antennae, primates groom