Evolution in the Animal Kingdom Review

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Evolution in the Animal Kingdom Review

• Correct your own worksheet
• Study this for your test
• There will be questions similar to these

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1. Whats the difference between a chordate and
an invertebrate?

• Chordates exhibit 4 characteristics during at
  least one stage of life Dorsal hollow nerve
  cord, notochord, tail, and a pharyngeal pouch
• Invertebrates animals without backbones
• Chordates can be in 2 groups vertebrates and
  invertebrate chordates
• So the difference is that chordates can have a
  backbone, but invertebrates NEVER have a backbone

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2. What type of body cavity do most groups have?

• True coelom a body cavity completely lined with
  mesoderm (middle germ tissue layer)

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3. Which invertebrate group has the closest
evolutionary relationship to chordates?
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4. How is embryology of echinoderms similar to
that of vertebrates? What might this similarity
indicate about their evolutionary relationship?

• Both deuterostomes
• Indicates they areclosely related, came from
  common ancestor

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5. Why would animals need to adapt their
formation of limbs?

• Each animals forelimbs is adapted to survival in
  their particular environment
• Ex ability to find and capture food, evade
  predators, move through various types of terrain
  (land, water, climbing, hopping, running,
  swimming, flying, etc)

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6. How is an animals body plan like an
evolutionary experiment?

• An animal starts the evolutionary experiment
  with one type of body plan
• Over time, in order to survive and reproduce,
  their body plan adapts
• Body plans that arent successful go extinct

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6. Name 6 nonchordate invertebrates. What were
some of the 1st characteristics that evolved in
invertebrates?

• Sponges, cnidarians, arthropods, worms, mollusks,
  echinoderms
• Multicellularity, tissues, radial symmetry, 3
  germ layers, bilateral symmetry, etc.

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7. List 3 traits that arthropods have that
cnidarians do not

• Organs
• Bilateral symmetry
• 3 germ layers
• True coelom
• Segmentation
• Cephalization

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8. Why do you think we dont have much fossil
evidence of early invertebrates?

• Early invertebrates were tiny and soft-bodied,
  making it nearly impossible to make a fossil

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9. What characteristics have evolved in fish?

• Vertebrae
• Jaws, pairedappendages
• True bone
• Lungs!

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10. What characteristics have evolved in
amphibians?

• Four limbs

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11. What characteristics have evolved in reptiles?

• Amniotic egg
• Eggs dont develop in water
• Dry, scaly skin

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12. What characteristics have evolved in birds?

• Endothermy
• Feathers
• Hollow bones

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13. What characteristics have evolved in mammals?

• Endothermy
• Hair/fur
• Mammary glands

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14. Name the group of invertebrate animals whose
ancestors were related to the earliest chordates.
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15. What characteristic do reptiles have that
amphibians do not?

• Reptiles have lungs, amniotic eggs, eggs dont
  develop in water dry, scaly skin
• Amphibians 1st stageof life- no lungs, eggsin
  water skin ismoist (no scales) go through
  metamorphosis

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16. How have animals body plans evolved over
time?
Over time, animals body plans have become more
complex Be able to describe WHAT specifically
has adapted and evolved
Ex Animals have gained more specialized tissues,
organs and organ systems as they become more
advanced
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17. What pattern or relationship exists between
type of body symmetry and the evolution of
animals?

• Sponges asymmetrical (no symmetry)
• Cnidarians radial symmetry
• More advanced bilateral symmetry(Exception
  echinoderms)

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18. What is the single most important
characteristic that separates birds from other
living animals?

• Although birds have defining characteristics such
  as wings, beaks, four limbs, or ability to fly,
  these characteristics are also found in other
  animals
• The single characteristic separating birds from
  other animals is FEATHERS
• This allows them to regulate their internal body
  temperature

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19. Which two major groups of fishes evolved from
the early jawless fish and still survive today?

• Chondrichthyes(Cartilaginousfish - Sharks)
• Osteichthyes(Bony fish)

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20. The evolution of jaws and paired fins was an
important development in the rise of which group
of animals?

• Sharks
• (Cartilaginousfish)
• ClassChondrichthyes

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21. List 2 ways that bony fish differ from the
other two fish groups

• Bony fish
• 1. Have bone
• (Sharks dont, jawless
• fish dont)
• 2. Have jaws
• (Jawless fish dont)
• 3. Have vertebrae
• (Hagfish dont)

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22. What adaptation enables birds to live in
environments that are colder than those in which
most reptiles live?

• Endothermy
• Feathers can use to
• regulate body temperature

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23. How do nonvertebrate chordates differ from
other chordates?

• Nonvertebrate no backbone
• Chordates includes vertebrates
• and invertebrates
• Therefore, not all chordates
• have a backbone

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23. What evidence exists to indicate that
annelids and mollusks are closely related?

• Levels of organization, body
• symmetry, 3 germ layers, true
• coelom, protostomes, and
• cephalization

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25. The only animal to have an asymmetrical body
plan is

• Sponges

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26. Which of the worm groups has the
characteristic of a segmented body?

• Annelids

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27. List the 5 types of animals in Phylum Chordata

• Fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals

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28. What was the 1st group of animals to have
cephalization?

• Arthropods

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29. What are 3 general characteristics that ALL
animals have?

• To be included in the Animal Kingdom, an animal
  must
• Be multicellular
• Be heterotrophic (need food from others)
• Lack cell walls