Cell Structure and Function Review

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Cell Structure and Function Review
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Learning Goals

• Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
• Correctly use a compound light microscope to
  observe plant and animal cells.
• Explain individual function and interrelatedness
  of organelles.
• Describe the differences, similarities and
  evolutionary links between prokaryotic and
  eukaryotic cells.
• Compare and contrast the structure and function
  of plant and animal cells.

3
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.

• Write the three parts of the cell theory.

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Explain the three parts of the cell theory.

• Matthias Schleiden, Botanist, 1837
• All plants are made of cells.

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Explain the three parts of the cell theory.

• Theodor Schwann, Physiologist, 1838
• All animals are made of cells

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Explain the three parts of the cell theory.

• Rudolf Virchow, 1858
• All cells are made from the division
• of existing cells

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How well did you remember the cell theory?

1. I remembered and understood all of the cell
   theory.
2. I had to correct one part of the cell theory.
3. I had to correct two or more parts of the cell
   theory.
4. I couldnt remember any of the cell theory.

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Correctly use a compound light microscope to
observe plant and animal cells.

• List the 4 types of microscopes.
• Describe the steps, in order, for using a
  compound light microscope.

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Correctly use a compound light microscope to
observe plant and animal cells.

• List the 4 types of microscopes.
• Compound Light - 40x-400x, Living Specimens, 2D
• Dissecting 3x 10x, Living Specimens, 3D
• Transmission Electron - 500,000x, Dead, 2D
• Scanning Electron 30,000x, Dead, 3D

10
Correctly use a compound light microscope to
observe plant and animal cells.

• Describe the steps, in order, for using a
  compound light microscope.
• Double check for scanning power
• Place the slide on stage
• Find what youre looking for and focus with
  course adjustment. Center the specimen.
• Switch to low power and focus with fine
  adjustment. Center the specimen.
• Switch to high power and focus with fine
  adjustment.

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How well did you remember the parts of the
microscope learning goal?

1. I knew all four types of microscopes and how to
   use it properly.
2. I knew all four types of microscopes and but not
   how to use it properly.
3. I did not know all four types of microscopes but
   I did know how to use it properly.
4. I could only remember parts of this learning
   goal.

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Explain individual function and interrelatedness
of organelles.
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In the human body, organs perform specialized
jobs. For example, the heart transports blood.
In cells, tiny ___________ carry out specialized
jobs.

1. tissues
2. Organ systems
3. organelles
4. Organ systems

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The job of a cell wall is to

1. Protect and provide support
2. Allow cells to photosynthesize
3. Surround the cytoplasm

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Which is the organelle that holds thecells DNA
(its genome) and is the control center of the
cell?

1. mitochondria
2. nucleolus
3. Nucleus
4. cytoplasm

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What molecules inside the nucleus allow it to
serve as the cells control center?

1. DNA
2. carbohydrates
3. proteins
4. Lipids
5. RNA

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When you view eukaryotic cells vialight
microscopy, you see a small dark, denseregion
inside the nucleus. It is called the

1. ribosome
2. nucleolus
3. nucleoplasm
4. Nuclear membrane
5. Nuclear pore

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These organelles are assembled in the nucleolus.

1. golgi
2. ribosomes
3. vacuoles
4. lysosomes

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The structure composed of a networkof protein
filaments whose job is supporting the cells
shape, allowing cell movement, moving
organelles inside the cell is the

1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall
3. Cytoskeleton
4. Cilium, flagellum

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Ribosomes

1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
3. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
   components of membranes modify proteins
4. Are membrane sacs used for storage
5. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions

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Golgi apparatus

1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate lipid chains to
   proteins--marking them for export to final
   destinationslooks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
   components of membranes modify proteins
5. Are membrane sacs used for storage

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Lysosomes

1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate lipid chains to
   proteins--marking them for export to the cell
   membranelooks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions
5. Are membrane sacs filled with digestive enzymes
   used to break down food to smaller particles or
   to recycle worn out organelles.

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Vacuoles

1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate lipid chains to
   proteins--marking them for export to the cell
   membranelooks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
   components of membranes modify proteins
5. Are membrane sacs used for storage

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Chloroplasts

1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate lipid chains to
   proteins--marking them for export to final
   destinationslooks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
   components of membranes modify proteins
5. Are membrane sacs used for storage
6. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions

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Mitochondria

1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate lipid chains to
   proteins--marking them for export to final
   destinationslooks like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
   components of membranes modify proteins

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What is the function of the mitochondria?

1. Make lipids
2. Make proteins
3. Control the cell
4. Make energy

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What is the function of ribosomeS?

1. Make lipids
2. Make proteins
3. Control the cell
4. Package and transport materials

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Which of the following organelles are found only
in plant cells?

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Lysosomes

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Which of the following cells do not have nuclei?

1. Plant
2. Animal
3. Eukaryote
4. Prokaryote

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Where is dna located in a eukaryotic cell?

1. Mitochondria
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
4. Golgi Apparatus

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All cells have

1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Cell Wall
4. Cell Membrane

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How well do you know the organelles and their
functions?

1. I can recall all of the organelles, their
   functions, where they are in the cell and how
   they work together.
2. I can recall all of the organelles but am unclear
   on how some of them work.
3. I remember the names of many organelles but dont
   know their functions.
4. I only remember a few organelles.

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Describe the differences, similarities and
evolutionary links between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
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Describe the differences, similarities and
evolutionary links between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Both
No nucleus Smaller and simpler cells No membrane bound organelles Most primitive form of life on Earth Example bacteria Nucleus Larger and more complex cells Have membrane bound organelles Examples Plants Animals Fungi Protists single celled (unicellular) organisms Living things DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm Cell membrane
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Describe the differences, similarities and
evolutionary links between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
List four things that are different between
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Put these
differences in order from most important to least
important.
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What is a membrane bound structure that contains
genetic material and controls many of the cells
activities?

1. Prokaryote
2. Eukaryote
3. Nucleus
4. Cell membrane

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Which of the following cells do not contain a
nucleus?

1. Animal cell
2. Plant cell
3. Bacterial cell

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Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

1. have a nucleus
2. have DNA
3. have membrane bound organelles
4. are the same size

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True or false? Eukaryotes are cells that do not
have a nucleus.

1. True
2. False

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Which type of eukaryotes are often single celled
(unicellular)?

1. bacteria
2. protists
3. Fungi like yeasts molds
4. Mushroom-bearing fungi
5. Plants like trees
6. Animals like brine shrimp or small insects

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How well do you know the differences between
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

1. I can recall and explain all of the major
   differences and similarities.
2. I can list all of the major differences and
   similarities.
3. I only know a few major differences or
   similarities.
4. I dont remember the differences between these
   two types of cells.

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Compare and contrast the structure and function
of plant and animal cells.
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Animals and plants are always multicellular with
specialized (they look different function
differently) cells.
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Cell walls protect cells from bursting and
provide them support against pressure (so they
dont get crushed). Which kingdom (the only
one) NEVER has cell walls?

1. Animal
2. Archaebacteria
3. Eubacteria
4. Fungi
5. Protists
6. plants

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Which structure is found in (specific to)a plant
cell but not an animal cell.

1. Chloroplasts
2. lysosomes
3. mitochondria
4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
5. Smooth ER (SER)

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Compare and contrast the structure and function
of plant and animal cells.
List three things that are different between
plant and animal cells. Put these differences
in order from most important to least important.
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How well do you know the differences between
plant and animal cells?

1. I can recall and explain all of the major
   differences and similarities.
2. I can list all of the major differences and
   similarities.
3. I only know a few major differences or
   similarities.
4. I dont remember the differences between these
   two types of cells.