Middle East 600-1300

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Middle East 600-1300
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Islam

• As Monotheism spread a new religion emerged.
• 610 CE Mohamed met the Angel Gabriel who told him
  he was the last prophet of God.

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The Five Pillars

• Shahadah- declaration of faith- there is no God
  but Allah and Mohamed is his prophet
• Prayer- 5 times a day toward Mecca.
• Alms- give to poor
• Fasting- During Ramadan
• Pilgrimage- must go on Hajj once in their life

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• . Classical Islamic tenets forbidding the
  representation of human beings in art. To
  celebrate Mohammed elaborate script was designed
  serving as decoration.
• Split between Sunni and Shii
• Shii Shada"There is no god but Alláh, Muhammad is
  the Messenger of Alláh, Alí is the Friend of
  Alláh. The Successor of the Messenger of Alláh
  And his first Caliph."

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Continued difficulties

• 636- 1099 Arab Muslims rule Palestine
• 750-754 Attempt at unity fails- Jafar As-Siddiq-
  a Shii spiritual leader and descendent of
  Mohammed was named Caliph but was then murdered

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Turks

• Many saw themselves as ghazi or warriors for
  Islam
• Osman ????? ?? ?????? (named othman by west) led
  Ghazis- Warriors of Islam- against rivals
• His son Orkhan became the regions first Sultan or
  one with power
• Establishes the Ottoman Empire

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Syria/Jerusalem

• 1099- Seljuk Turks control Syria
• 1187 Saladin the Kurd expels Crusaders from
  Jerusalem after declaring jihad (holy war) and
  takes Egypt
• Saladin allows Jews to resettle in Jerusalem
• 1260 Egyptian Muslims (Mamelukes) take Syria

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Iraq

• Caliph Harud Hashim
• Grand Bizarre Market places (Silk, Spices,
  Ivory)
• Baghdad center of Commerce

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Summary Question

• What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
• Who is the founder of Islam?
• Where was the Ottoman Empire established?
• Why did the Sunni and Shii split?

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Discussion Question

• Muhammad did not think that government and
  religion should be separated as we separate it
  today? Should it be?

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Extra Credit

• World History Short A Court singer and a merchant

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Court of The Lions- the Alhambra

• Built Between 1238 and 1358
• Arabic Alhambra Red
• Built after the conquest of Granada
• Lions made out of marble and basin out of
  Alabaster

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